Diverse molecular mechanisms of in vivo haploid induction in plants: from fertilization interference to genome
Wenjun Wu1, Yueshi Ding1, Yuhong Guan1
1School of Urban Construction and Ecological Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, 100 Haiquan Road, Fengxian District, Shanghai, 202418, China.
Abstract:
In vivo haploid induction has revolutionized crop breeding by shifting it from experience-driven selection to precision design methodologies. This review synthesizes three core mechanistic modules-male gamete defects (MTL/DMP/KPL), gametophyte reprogramming (BBM-BAR1), and centromere engineering (CENH3/KNL2)-into a cohesive framework and provides a critical assessment of their respective constraints. We emphasize emerging technological platforms (HIEdit, GEDH) that support transgene-free genome editing and outline advances in synthetic apomixis aimed at stabilizing hybrid vigor. Defining innovations include temperature-sensitive enhancement, synergistic mutation pyramiding, and AI-aided rational design. Persistent challenges include low efficiency in dicots, large-genome crops, and paternal haploid induction. Future research should integrate multiomics, synthetic biology, and machine learning to develop universal, cross-species haploid induction systems.
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