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Gain-adaptive STAR-RIS assisted vehicular NOMA with transmit antenna selection
Shady M Ibraheem1,2, Mona Shokair3,4, Mohamed E Nasr5
1Electronics and Electrical Communications Department, Faculty of Engineering, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt. PG_162929@f-eng.tanta.edu.eg.
Scientific Reports
|June 29, 2026
Summary
This study introduces a dynamic gain-adaptive scheme for reconfigurable intelligent surfaces in wireless networks, improving performance for vehicular users. The proposed system enhances outage and rate performance compared to existing methods.
Area of Science:
- Wireless Communication Engineering
- Signal Processing
- Information Theory
Background:
- Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) offer enhanced wireless communication by controlling signal propagation.
- Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) improves spectral efficiency by allowing users to share the same resource block.
- Vehicular environments present unique challenges due to high mobility and dynamic channel conditions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To propose and evaluate a dynamic gain-adaptive scheme for simultaneously transmitting and reflecting reconfigurable intelligent surface (STAR-RIS) based NOMA networks (ASRN) for vehicular users.
- To enhance system performance in terms of outage probability, diversity order, and ergodic sum rate (ESR).
- To optimize resource allocation and user pairing through joint antenna selection and NOMA user pairing.
Main Methods:
- Derivation of closed-form expressions for system outage probability, asymptotic outage behavior, and diversity order.
- Development of a greedy algorithm for joint optimization of antenna selection and NOMA user pairing.
- Definition and evaluation of the multiple averaging ergodic sum rate (MA-ESR) for delay-tolerant networking.
Main Results:
- The proposed ASRN scheme achieves a diversity gain scaling with the number of STAR-RIS elements.
- Closed-form expressions reveal significant performance gains.
- Monte Carlo simulations confirm superior outage, coding gain, ESR, and MA-ESR performance compared to benchmark schemes.
Conclusions:
- The dynamic gain-adaptive STAR-RIS NOMA scheme (ASRN) significantly enhances wireless communication performance in vehicular environments.
- ASRN offers a robust solution for improving spectral efficiency and reliability in challenging mobile scenarios.
- The proposed scheme outperforms conventional STAR-RIS NOMA/OMA and relaying techniques, demonstrating its effectiveness.
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