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Published on: September 5, 2017
Risk factors for pulmonary tuberculosis recurrence in Henan, China, from 2014 to 2024
Yanqiu Zhang1, Jianguo Jiang2, Jiying Xu2
1Institution for Tuberculosis Control and Prevention, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Pathogens, Henan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou, 450016, Henan, China. zyq76@126.com.
Scientific Reports
|June 29, 2026
Summary
Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) recurrence is low in Henan, but older age, male sex, and treatment positivity increase risk. Directly Observed Therapy (DOT) significantly reduces recurrence, highlighting its importance in TB control.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
- Infectious Disease Control
Background:
- Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) recurrence is a major driver of drug-resistant TB.
- Understanding PTB recurrence risk factors is vital for effective TB epidemic control strategies.
- Henan Province, China, reported a PTB incidence rate of 37.09 per 100,000 in 2023.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the rate and predictors of bacteriological recurrence within 5 years post-cure in PTB patients in Henan Province.
- To identify key risk factors and protective measures for PTB recurrence.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective cohort study using data from the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention (CISDCP).
- Analysis of 53,124 bacteriologically confirmed PTB patients diagnosed between 2014-2019, with a 5-year passive follow-up.
- Kaplan-Meier, log-rank tests, and multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression were employed.
Main Results:
- The 5-year cumulative PTB recurrence rate was 2.53% (1346/53,124), with a density of 5.14 per 1,000 person-years.
- Key risk factors for recurrence included older age (≥45 years), male sex, and bacteriological positivity at months 2-3 of treatment.
- Entire-episode Directly Observed Therapy (DOT) was a significant protective factor (aHR=0.696).
Conclusions:
- PTB recurrence in Henan is relatively low, but specific risk factors necessitate targeted interventions.
- Age, sex, treatment adherence indicators, and comorbidities significantly influence recurrence risk.
- Implementing comprehensive DOT strategies, enhanced patient support, and post-cure follow-up are crucial for reducing PTB recurrence.
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