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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 1, 2026

A Faster, High Resolution, mtPA-GFP-based Mitochondrial Fusion Assay Acquiring Kinetic Data of Multiple Cells in Parallel Using Confocal Microscopy

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Published on: July 20, 2012

Angiogenin mediates cell-cell fusion as a mitochondrial RNA processing enzyme.

Ke Shen¹, Yixiang Zeng¹, Jiekang Wang^1,2

¹Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.

|June 29, 2026

Summary

Angiogenin (ANG) is vital for cell fusion by enabling mitochondrial ribosome biogenesis. It processes mitochondrial tRNAs, supporting energy production for cell fusion and tissue repair.

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A Model Membrane Platform for Reconstituting Mitochondrial Membrane Dynamics

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Published on: September 2, 2020

Area of Science:

Cell Biology
Molecular Biology
Biochemistry

Background:

Cell-cell fusion is crucial for physiological processes and demands significant ATP.
Mitochondrial activity and mitochondrial ribosome (mitoribosome) biogenesis are critical for energy supply during fusion, but the regulatory mechanisms are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the role of angiogenin (ANG) in mitochondrial ribosome biogenesis and its impact on cell-cell fusion.

Main Methods:

Transcriptome-wide PARE and 5' RACE analyses were employed.
Investigated the translocation of ANG to mitochondria and its enzymatic activity on mitochondrial pre-RNA transcripts.

Main Results:

Angiogenin (ANG) was identified as a key enzyme in mitochondrial tRNA (mt-tRNA) processing, essential for mitoribosome biogenesis.
ANG translocates to mitochondria upon fusion initiation, cleaving mt-tRNA 3'-ends to facilitate rRNA and mRNA release for translation.
Loss of ANG function impairs myoblast and osteoclast fusion, affecting bone and muscle homeostasis and skeletal muscle regeneration.

Conclusions:

ANG is an essential regulator of mitoribosome biogenesis, crucial for energy production during high-demand cellular processes like cell fusion.
This study reveals a novel mechanism for mitochondrial energy regulation mediated by ANG in cell fusion and tissue regeneration.