Obesity-induced intervertebral disk degeneration: pathophysiology and clinical implications.

Area of Science:

• Biomedical Science
• Public Health
• Orthopedics

Background:

• Obesity is a growing global health concern.
• Obesity is increasingly linked to musculoskeletal disorders like intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD).
• The relationship between obesity and IVDD involves complex metabolic, inflammatory, and biomechanical factors.

Purpose of the Study:

• To explore the pathophysiological mechanisms linking obesity to IVDD.
• To discuss the clinical implications of obesity-induced IVDD.
• To review current research on obesity's impact on spinal health.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of epidemiological studies, clinical trials, and animal models.
• Analysis of biochemical and biomechanical pathways.
• Evaluation of weight management interventions and potential therapies.

Main Results:

• Obesity promotes chronic inflammation via cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6), exacerbating IVDD.
• Excess body weight increases mechanical stress on spinal structures, accelerating disc wear.
• Weight management strategies show promise in mitigating obesity's adverse effects on the spine.

Conclusions:

• Obesity significantly contributes to IVDD through inflammatory and biomechanical pathways.
• Weight management is essential for preventing and treating IVDD in obese individuals.
• Further research into targeted therapies is needed to improve patient outcomes.