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Associations between biochemical parameters and oral health indices in pediatric chronic kidney disease: a

Özlem Beren Satılmış1, Akif Demirel2, Songül Yılmaz3

  • 1Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey. ozlemberensa@gmail.com.

BMC Oral Health
|June 29, 2026
PubMed

Insights

In pediatric chronic kidney disease (CKD), most serum biochemical markers showed no significant link to oral health. However, higher magnesium levels correlated with less calculus, while higher alkaline phosphatase (ALP) correlated with more calculus.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Nephrology
  • Pediatric Dentistry
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Pediatric chronic kidney disease (CKD) presents heterogeneous oral health findings.
  • Metabolic alterations in CKD may influence plaque mineralization and oral hygiene.
  • The relationship between serum biochemical parameters and oral health in pediatric CKD is not well-defined.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate associations between serum biochemical parameters and oral health indices in children with CKD.
  • To investigate the link between routinely measured blood markers and standardized oral health outcomes.
  • To explore potential contributions of CKD-related metabolic changes to oral health in children.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study of 34 children (aged 6-14) with diagnosed CKD.
  • Collected demographic, clinical, and routine serum biochemical data (renal function, mineral metabolism, etc.).
  • Assessed oral health using Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (dmft/DMFT), International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) II, and Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S), Debris Index (DI), Calculus Index (CI).

Main Results:

  • Most serum biochemical parameters were not significantly associated with caries experience or oral hygiene indices (p > 0.05).
  • Serum magnesium showed significant negative correlations with Calculus Index (CI) and OHI-S (p < 0.05).
  • Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) demonstrated a significant positive correlation with CI (p < 0.05).

Conclusions:

  • Routine serum biochemical parameters had limited cross-sectional associations with oral health in pediatric CKD.
  • Serum magnesium and alkaline phosphatase may be linked to calculus accumulation and plaque mineralization.
  • Findings require cautious interpretation due to the study's cross-sectional design, small sample size, and cohort heterogeneity.
Abstract

Keywords:
Biochemical markersChronic kidney diseaseDental calculusMineral metabolismOral hygienePediatric nephrology

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