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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 1, 2026

Characterization of Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion and Sodium Ion Batteries Using Synchrotron Radiation Techniques
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Exposed {010} Crystal Surfaces Drive High Rate Performance and Cyclability in Air Stable P2-Type Cathode for Na-Ion

Neha Dagar1, Samriddhi Saxena1, Aniruddha Vibhute1

  • 1Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, India.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|June 30, 2026
PubMed
Summary

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This summary is machine-generated.

Optimized layered oxide cathodes with P2 structure demonstrate superior electrochemical performance for sodium-ion batteries. The P2-Na0.77 sample offers high capacity and excellent cycling stability, making it promising for practical applications.

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Particle morphology and synthesis conditions significantly influence the electrochemical behavior of layered oxide cathodes.
  • Developing high-performance cathode materials is crucial for advancing sodium-ion battery technology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize various crystal structures (P2, O3, P2/O3) of dual pillar-ion doped NaₓMn₀.₄₇Ni₀.₃₃Ti₀.₁Al₀.₁O₂.
  • To investigate the impact of synthesis conditions on the electrochemical properties of these layered oxides.
  • To identify the optimal composition and structure for high-performance sodium-ion battery cathodes.

Main Methods:

  • Varying sodium content and calcination temperature to achieve different layered oxide structures.
  • Electrochemical testing including galvanostatic cycling, rate capability measurements, and cyclic voltammetry.
Keywords:
electrochemical behaviorin situ electrochemical impedance spectroscopylayered oxides cathode

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Last Updated: Jul 1, 2026

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Failure Analysis of Batteries Using Synchrotron-based Hard X-ray Microtomography
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  • In situ and ex situ characterization techniques such as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), distribution of relaxation times (DRT) analysis, and X-ray diffraction (XRD).

    • Main Results:

    • The P2-type sample (Na₀.₇₇Mn₀.₄₇Ni₀.₃₃Ti₀.₁Al₀.₁O₂) exhibited excellent electrochemical properties, delivering a reversible specific capacity of 141.5 mAh g⁻¹ at 0.1C and 93% capacity retention after 100 cycles.
    • This P2 cathode demonstrated superior rate performance due to larger Na⁺ conducting lateral {010} surfaces, retaining 84% capacity at 2C compared to 0.1C.
    • Temperature-dependent EIS and DRT analysis revealed a significantly lower charge-transfer activation energy (≈0.54 eV) for the P2-Na₀.₇₇ sample compared to its O3 counterpart (≈0.97 eV).
    • Ex situ XRD confirmed that the P2-dominant framework of the Na₀.₇₇-850 cathode remained stable during cycling (2.0-4.0 V) with low lattice strain, unlike the O3-Na₁.₀₀ sample which underwent an unfavorable O3↔P3 phase transformation.
    • A full cell (Na₀.₇₇-850||hard-carbon) achieved 85% capacity retention after 100 cycles.

    Conclusions:

    • The P2-type layered oxide Na₀.₇₇Mn₀.₄₇Ni₀.₃₃Ti₀.₁Al₀.₁O₂ is a highly promising cathode material for sodium-ion batteries.
    • Optimized synthesis conditions leading to a P2 dominant structure enhance Na⁺ diffusion kinetics and structural stability during cycling.
    • The material's excellent rate capability, high capacity, and long-term cycling stability highlight its potential for practical energy storage applications.