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Related Concept Videos

Carbon-13 (¹³C) NMR: Overview01:10

Carbon-13 (¹³C) NMR: Overview

Carbon-13 is a naturally occurring NMR-active isotope of carbon with a low natural abundance of 1.1%. In contrast, carbon-12 is the most abundant isotope of carbon with zero nuclear spin. Therefore, it is NMR inactive. The gyromagnetic ratio of carbon-13 is smaller than that of protons. As a result, carbon-13 resonance is about 6000 times weaker than proton resonance. For a given magnetic field strength, the resonance frequency of carbon-13 is about one-fourth of the resonance frequency for...
¹³C NMR: ¹H–¹³C Decoupling01:04

¹³C NMR: ¹H–¹³C Decoupling

The probability of having two carbon-13 atoms next to each other is negligible because of the low natural abundance of carbon-13. Consequently, peak splitting due to carbon-carbon spin-spin coupling is not observed in spectra. However, protons up to three sigma bonds away split the carbon signal according to the n+1 rule, resulting in complicated spectra.
A broadband decoupling technique is used to simplify these complex, sometimes overlapping, signals. Broadband decoupling relies on a...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 1, 2026

Focused Ion Beam Fabrication of LiPON-based Solid-state Lithium-ion Nanobatteries for In Situ Testing
10:58

Focused Ion Beam Fabrication of LiPON-based Solid-state Lithium-ion Nanobatteries for In Situ Testing

Published on: March 7, 2018

Probing Stage Transition Kinetics in Li-Graphite Intercalation Compounds by Time-Resolved In Situ Solid-State NMR via

Yue Dou1, Wenhui Zhu1, Qing Wang2

  • 1Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|June 30, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a new NMR method to track lithium-graphite intercalation in Li-ion batteries. This technique reveals that stage-transition kinetics are crucial for battery performance, with LiC6 to Li0.5C6 being the main bottleneck.

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Last Updated: Jul 1, 2026

Focused Ion Beam Fabrication of LiPON-based Solid-state Lithium-ion Nanobatteries for In Situ Testing
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High-Temperature and High-Pressure In situ Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
08:55

High-Temperature and High-Pressure In situ Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Published on: October 9, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy

Background:

  • Understanding lithium-graphite intercalation kinetics is vital for Li-ion battery anode performance.
  • Quantifying real-time phase transitions in intercalation compounds is experimentally challenging due to structural similarities and transient coexistence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish a stage-resolved kinetic metrology for tracking LiₓC₆ phase evolution during delithiation.
  • To quantitatively analyze the intrinsic stage-transition kinetics of lithium-graphite intercalation compounds.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized time-resolved, in situ 13C magic-angle-spinning solid-state NMR on 13C-enriched graphite.
  • Employed isotope enrichment for enhanced signal-to-noise (>150-fold) enabling minute-scale acquisitions.
  • Applied spectral deconvolution to resolve coexisting stage-1, stage-2, and dilute-stage LiₓC₆ phases.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated sequential two-phase transitions (LiC₆ → Li₀.₅C₆ and Li₀.₅C₆ → Li₀.₃₃C₆) under quasi-equilibrium delithiation, following Johnson-Mehl-Avrami-Kolmogorov kinetics.
  • Identified the LiC₆ → Li₀.₅C₆ transformation as the intrinsic kinetic bottleneck.
  • Showcased that perturbed Li removal/redistribution leads to heterogeneous staging pathways and extended multiphase coexistence, captured by an effective-order cascade model.

Conclusions:

  • Intrinsic stage-transition kinetics and transport constraints jointly govern homogeneous versus heterogeneous delithiation in graphite anodes.
  • Provided a general NMR-based framework for time-resolved quantification of staging transformations in intercalation materials.
  • The developed metrology offers direct insights into electrochemical performance limitations of graphite anodes.