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Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals Multilayer Regulation Underlying Development and Pregnancy in the Malayan Pangolin.

Xianghui Liang1,2, Miaomiao Jia3, Zhiguang Wang4

  • 1College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.

Animal Genetics
|June 30, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study reveals key molecular differences in Malayan pangolin (Manis javanica) development and pregnancy. Findings provide crucial insights into gene regulation for conservation efforts.

Keywords:
Malayan pangolinalternative splicingco‐expression networkstage‐specific gene expressiontranscriptome

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics and Molecular Biology
  • Conservation Biology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • The Malayan pangolin (Manis javanica) is critically endangered, with limited understanding of its molecular mechanisms for development and reproduction.
  • Effective conservation strategies are hindered by inadequate characterization of its genetic underpinnings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a comprehensive transcriptomic analysis of Malayan pangolin tissues across different life stages (adult, fetal, pregnant).
  • To identify stage-specific genes, pathways, and regulatory mechanisms involved in pangolin development and reproduction.
  • To provide candidate biomarkers for assessing reproductive health and informing conservation.

Main Methods:

  • Transcriptomic analysis of six tissues (intestine, kidney, liver, lung, muscle, spleen) from adult, fetal, and pregnant Malayan pangolins.
  • Differential gene expression (DGE) and differential alternative splicing (DAS) analyses.
  • Co-expression network analysis to identify key regulatory genes (hub genes).

Main Results:

  • The fetal stage showed the highest abundance of stage-specific genes, enriched in developmental pathways.
  • Adults showed upregulated genes related to metabolism and immunity, while fetuses had upregulated genes linked to development and cell cycle.
  • Key hub genes (e.g., GLDC in adults, NCAM1 in fetuses) and extensive differential alternative splicing events (primarily exon skipping) were identified.
  • Integrative analysis revealed independent and coordinated roles of DGE and DAS in regulating pangolin biology.

Conclusions:

  • This study provides a detailed transcriptomic atlas of Malayan pangolin development and pregnancy.
  • Identified candidate biomarker genes can aid in evaluating reproductive health and developmental status.
  • The findings offer valuable molecular data to support conservation initiatives for this endangered species.