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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 1, 2026

Identification and Protection of the Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve during Transoral Robotic Thyroidectomy

Identification and Protection of the Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve during Transoral Robotic Thyroidectomy

Published on: October 24, 2025

Early postoperative voice-change phenotypes after thyroid surgery: a prospective cohort study.

Heyang Jiao^1,2, Yingying Wang^1,2, Shijie Li^1,2

¹Department of Thyroid Surgery, The China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Thyroid Disease, Changchun, China.

Frontiers in Endocrinology

|June 30, 2026

Summary

Early voice changes after thyroid surgery form distinct patterns, impacting patient voice quality. These short-term voice phenotypes help predict patient outcomes following thyroidectomy.

Keywords:

acoustic analysis patient-reported voice handicap perceptual voice assessment postoperative voice change spectral features thyroid surgery unsupervised clustering voice phenotyping

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Published on: September 15, 2023

Area of Science:

Otolaryngology
Speech Science
Data Science

Background:

Post-thyroidectomy voice change is a common complication.
Early objective voice change patterns and their clinical relevance are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To characterize early postoperative objective voice change patterns after thyroid surgery.
To determine the short-term clinical relevance of these voice change patterns.

Main Methods:

A prospective cohort study included 245 patients undergoing thyroid surgery.
Voice recordings at baseline and postoperative day 2 (POD2) were analyzed using spectral features.
Unsupervised clustering identified three voice phenotypes (A, B, C).
Clinical outcomes at postoperative day 7 (POD7) included Voice Handicap Index-30 (VHI-30) and Grade.

Main Results:

Three distinct voice phenotypes (A/B/C: 59/56/130) were identified.
Phenotypes significantly differed in VHI-30 change, VHI-30 responder rate, and Grade change at POD7 (all P < 0.001).
Phenotype B exhibited the highest short-term burden, with a 53.6% VHI-30 responder rate, compared to 1.7% for A and 1.5% for C.

Conclusions:

Early postoperative voice changes after thyroid surgery can be classified into clinically meaningful short-term phenotypes.
These phenotypes correlate with patient-reported and perceptual voice outcomes.
The identified phenotypes represent early voice change patterns, not necessarily nerve injury or long-term voice categories.