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Salidroside-Based Nanomedicines for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Translation
Xiaoying Ma1,2,3, Shengyan Dang1,3,4, Hui Wang3,4
1School of Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, 810001, People's Republic of China.
Abstract:
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) presents a substantial therapeutic challenge due to its aggressive biological characteristics and the absence of actionable molecular targets. Salidroside, the principal bioactive compound of Rhodiola rosea, demonstrates significant anticancer potential; however, its clinical application is severely constrained by poor bioavailability (less than 12%) and a short half-life (2.3 hours). This review contributes to the field in three key ways. Firstly, it systematically elucidates the molecular mechanisms of salidroside in TNBC, emphasizing its distinctive dual role in redox homeostasis: inducing ferroptosis in cancer cells while safeguarding normal tissues. Secondly, it critically assesses advanced nanomedicine strategies such as PLGA-PEG nanoparticles, lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles, and biomimetic RBC membrane-camouflaged carriers-designed to address pharmacokinetic limitations. Thirdly, and most importantly, it proposes a biomarker-driven framework, centered on BRCA1 methylation and HIF-1α, along with a three-phase translational roadmap to advance salidroside into a precision nanomedicine for TNBC.
Insights
Salidroside shows promise against triple-negative breast cancer by inducing cancer cell death and protecting normal tissues. Nanomedicine strategies and biomarkers like BRCA1 methylation can improve its clinical use.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Pharmacology
- Nanomedicine
Background:
- Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is aggressive with limited treatment options.
- Salidroside, from Rhodiola rosea, has anticancer effects but poor bioavailability.
- Current limitations hinder salidroside's clinical application in TNBC therapy.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review salidroside's molecular mechanisms in TNBC.
- To assess nanomedicine approaches for improving salidroside's pharmacokinetics.
- To propose a biomarker-driven strategy for precision nanomedicine development.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review of salidroside's anticancer mechanisms.
- Evaluation of advanced nanocarrier systems (e.g., PLGA-PEG, hybrid nanoparticles, biomimetic carriers).
- Analysis of potential biomarkers (BRCA1 methylation, HIF-1α) for targeted therapy.
Main Results:
- Salidroside modulates redox homeostasis, inducing ferroptosis in TNBC cells while sparing normal tissues.
- Nanomedicine strategies show potential to overcome salidroside's bioavailability and half-life issues.
- BRCA1 methylation and HIF-1α are identified as key biomarkers for precision targeting.
Conclusions:
- Salidroside exhibits a dual role in redox regulation relevant to TNBC treatment.
- Advanced nanocarriers are crucial for enhancing salidroside's therapeutic efficacy.
- A biomarker-guided translational roadmap can facilitate salidroside's development as a precision nanomedicine for TNBC.
