Evolution of technology and disparities in antimicrobial stewardship: a narrative review

The number of resources devoted to antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) has grown over the past thirty years as multidrug-resistant organism rates have increased. Technology plays a pivotal role in ASP expansion and allows for further reach, higher-yield initiatives, and improved patient safety and efficacy. This review highlights major technological innovations that have shaped ASPs over time and addresses the future of incorporating artificial intelligence into everyday ASP workflow. We discuss the current state of ASP technology in low- and middle-income countries with a focus on challenges and suggested solutions to incorporating artificial intelligence internationally. Bridging the global digital and technological divide through investments in resources (human capacity, infrastructure, and supporting environment) is vital to sustain progress against antimicrobial resistance.