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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 1, 2026

Dry Powder and Nebulized Aerosol Inhalation of Pharmaceuticals Delivered to Mice Using a Nose-only Exposure System

Dry Powder and Nebulized Aerosol Inhalation of Pharmaceuticals Delivered to Mice Using a Nose-only Exposure System

Published on: April 6, 2017

Menthol inhalation relieves dyspnoea through the brain.

Lucas Vanden Bossche¹, Samantha Piers¹, Michele R Schaeffer²

¹Research Group Health Psychology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.

ERJ Open Research

|June 30, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Menthol inhalation (MI) effectively reduces breathlessness by altering neural processing of respiratory sensations, not by changing breathing patterns. This suggests a neural mechanism underlies menthol

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Dry Powder and Nebulized Aerosol Inhalation of Pharmaceuticals Delivered to Mice Using a Nose-only Exposure System

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Published on: April 6, 2017

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Published on: November 14, 2018

Area of Science:

Respiratory Physiology
Neuroscience
Sensory Perception

Background:

Menthol inhalation (MI) is known to alleviate dyspnoea (shortness of breath) in various populations.
The precise mechanism by which MI exerts its effects remains unclear.
Existing research indicates MI's benefits are independent of changes in breathing patterns or respiratory muscle activity.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate if MI reduces dyspnoea by modulating the neural processing of respiratory sensory information.
To determine if these neural changes occur without altering respiratory patterns or the neural drive to breathe.

Main Methods:

Healthy adults underwent inspiratory resistive loaded breathing trials.
Trials included menthol inhalation (MI) and strawberry scent inhalation (SI) as a placebo control.
Respiratory-related evoked potentials (RREPs) were measured using EEG during inspiratory occlusions to assess neural processing.

Main Results:

MI significantly reduced dyspnoea intensity, air hunger, and mental breathing effort compared to SI.
A lower mean amplitude of the RREP P2 component was observed with MI, suggesting altered neural processing.
Exploratory analysis indicated a reduction in the "P3frontal" RREP component with MI.

Conclusions:

Menthol inhalation relieves dyspnoea through neural mechanisms affecting the processing of respiratory sensations.
These effects occur without significant alterations in respiratory patterns or neural drive to breathe.
The findings support a central neural pathway mediating the breathlessness-relieving effects of MI.