Recent advances in engineered nanozymes for precision lung cancer therapy

Lung cancer therapy remains constrained by adaptive resistance and the inability of current modalities to effectively reprogram the tumor microenvironment (TME). Nanozymes introduce a catalytic paradigm that converts intrinsic TME features into therapeutic leverage. Here, we frame nanozymes not merely as drug carriers but as active regulators of tumor biology, capable of rewiring redox homeostasis, disrupting metabolic dependencies, and amplifying antitumor immunity. Through catalytic generation of reactive species, oxygen modulation, and cascade reactions, nanozymes sensitize tumors to chemo-, radio-, and photo-based therapies while promoting immunogenic cell death. This review further highlight design logic centered on catalytic programmability and spatiotemporal activation, and discuss the key barriers to clinical translation, defining a roadmap toward next-generation catalytic nanomedicine.