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Intracameral Injection in Rats with Low Risk of Adverse Effects
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Ceftazidime for Gram-negative bacterial keratitis.

Tadhg Schempf1, Kanwal Matharu2, Regis P Kowalski1,3

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.

Saudi Journal of Ophthalmology : Official Journal of the Saudi Ophthalmological Society
|June 30, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ceftazidime shows potential for treating Gram-negative keratitis based on in vitro susceptibility. Further clinical studies are needed to determine its role alongside other antibiotics like tobramycin and fluoroquinolones.

Keywords:
Antibiotic choiceGram-negative bacteriabacterial keratitisceftazidime

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Gram-negative bacterial keratitis is a serious ocular infection.
  • Current treatments often involve tobramycin or fluoroquinolones.
  • Ceftazidime, though historically used, is less common for empiric treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the in vitro susceptibility of Gram-negative bacteria to ceftazidime.
  • To compare ceftazidime's efficacy against Gram-negative keratitis pathogens with established antibiotics.
  • To explore the potential role of ceftazidime in modern treatment regimens.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of culture-positive Gram-negative keratitis cases.
  • Evaluation of bacterial susceptibility to ceftazidime, tobramycin, ciprofloxacin, and polymyxin B.
  • Comparison of median minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) to established susceptibility standards.

Main Results:

  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates showed susceptibility to ceftazidime (median MIC 1.5 μg/ml), comparable to tobramycin.
  • Other Gram-negative isolates demonstrated high susceptibility to ceftazidime (median MIC 0.19 μg/ml).
  • All tested Gram-negative bacteria were susceptible to ceftazidime based on serum standards.

Conclusions:

  • In vitro data suggest ceftazidime remains a viable option for Gram-negative keratitis.
  • Factors like patient comfort, cost, and availability will influence ceftazidime's clinical application.
  • Further research may re-establish ceftazidime in the treatment armamentarium for bacterial keratitis.