The cutting-edge advancements in biomaterials under the guidance of intelligence and bionics

The fusion of biomaterials with intelligent technologies and bionics represents a significant transformation in modern medicine, particularly in therapeutic applications and regenerative medicine. The development history of biomaterials has gone through four distinct stages: from inert biological materials and materials with biological activity and biodegradability to stimulus-responsive biomaterials and finally to the current integration of intelligent bionic materials. Due to clinical needs and the impetus of precision medicine, this development process has also been accelerated by advanced technologies, including artificial intelligence (AI), 4D bioprinting and intracellular monitoring. Here, we introduced two major categories of advanced biomaterials: intelligent responsive materials and biomimetic functionalized materials. Key manufacturing and characterization platforms were also explored, including 4D printing technology for dynamic molding, design methods based on AI for rapid screening and in vivo monitoring techniques for real-time feedback. The cutting-edge clinical applications were introduced, including precise drug delivery and personalized medicine approaches within regenerative medicine. Although these technologies have made significant progress, there are still major challenges in laboratory-to-clinical applications, especially involving complex material-biological interfaces, long-term stability and the need for evolving regulatory frameworks. Future development depends on interdisciplinary collaboration, ultimately achieving a true symbiotic relationship between biomaterials and living systems.