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Updated: Jul 1, 2026

Chemical Synthesis of Porous Barium Titanate Thin Film and Thermal Stabilization of Ferroelectric Phase by Porosity-Induced Strain

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Heterogeneous Polarization Configuration Regulated by Core-Multi-Shells Structure Enabled Superior Energy Storage in

Zixuan Wang^1,2, Chaoqiong Zhu^1,2, Lanqing Liang^1,2

¹School of Materials Science and Physics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)

|June 30, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a novel core-multi-shells structure for Bi$_{0.5}$Na$_{0.5}$TiO$_{3}$ ceramics. This design significantly enhances energy storage density and stability for new energy applications.

Keywords:

Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3‐based ceramics core–shell structure energy storage heterogeneous polarization

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Energy Storage
Ceramics

Background:

Bi$_{0.5}$Na$_{0.5}$TiO$_{3}$ ceramics offer high power density and stability but suffer from low energy density due to breakdown strength and hysteresis.
Environmental concerns drive research into advanced energy storage solutions for new energy development.

Purpose of the Study:

To overcome the limitations of Bi$_{0.5}$Na$_{0.5}$TiO$_{3}$ ceramics by improving energy density and stability.
To construct a novel core-multi-shells structure for enhanced energy storage performance.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of a core-multi-shells structure using anti-ferroelectric, relaxor ferroelectric, and linear dielectric materials.
Characterization of the material's structural, electrical, and energy storage properties.

Main Results:

The core-multi-shells structure induces multilevel lattice distortions, improving polarization response and reducing hysteresis.
Achieved a remarkable discharge energy storage density of 11.05 J/cm$^{3}$ at 790 kV/cm.
Demonstrated good temperature and frequency stability of the energy storage performance.

Conclusions:

The novel heterogeneous polarization configuration effectively enhances energy storage density and stability.
This core-multi-shells design shows great application potential for advanced energy storage devices.
The strategy of coupling different dielectric materials offers a promising route for developing high-performance energy storage ceramics.