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3D Analysis of Multi-cellular Responses to Chemoattractant Gradients
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Published on: May 24, 2019

Composite Liquid Marble Templated Millimetric Capsule With Tunable Rigidity, Porosity, and Thermal Reconfigurability

Chittaranjan Mishra1,2, Debasmita Sarkar1, Chitra Jaiswal3

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|June 30, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a rigid porous capsule (RPC) for scalable, millimetric 3D cell culture. This innovation advances in vitro models for tissue engineering and drug screening, reducing animal use.

Keywords:
3D cell culturecomposite Liquid marblephase transitionporous capsulesspheroidsuperhydrophobicity

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Engineering
  • Tissue Engineering
  • In Vitro Modeling

Background:

  • Extensive reliance on animal models in biomedical research necessitates advanced in vitro systems.
  • Scalable fabrication of large cellular spheroids (millimeter dimensions) for mimicking native tissue architecture is challenging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel rigid porous capsule (RPC) for scalable fabrication of millimeter-scale spheroids.
  • To develop a mechanically robust and highly permeable platform for advanced 3D cell culture and tissue modeling.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of RPCs using a binary mixture of poly(octadecyl acrylate) (PODAc) microparticles and bovine serum albumin (BSA) nanoparticles.
  • Thermal processing of the mixture to create a rigid, macroporous capsule structure with tunable stiffness and porosity.
  • Utilizing the RPC for scaffold-free 3D cell culture and spheroid formation.

Main Results:

  • RPCs are mechanically robust, highly permeable, and maintain spherical geometry.
  • Tunable shell stiffness and porosity balance mechanical stability with efficient nutrient transport.
  • Viable, scaffold-free spheroids on a millimetric scale were formed within RPCs over 14 days.

Conclusions:

  • The developed RPC platform enables scalable fabrication of physiologically relevant, millimeter-scale spheroids.
  • This system supports advanced tissue modeling and drug screening applications.
  • The RPC technology offers a promising alternative to animal models in biomedical research.