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Related Concept Videos

Catalysis02:50

Catalysis

The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.
Catalysis01:27

Catalysis

Catalysis influences the rate of chemical reactions by providing an alternative reaction pathway with lower activation energy. A catalyst speeds up a reaction, but it is not consumed during the process. The fundamental principle of catalysis is the ability of a catalyst to alter the reaction mechanism, often introducing a more efficient pathway than the uncatalyzed process.In a catalyzed reaction, the catalyst participates directly in the reaction mechanism. It interacts with reactants to form...
Heterogeneous Catalysis01:22

Heterogeneous Catalysis

Heterogeneous catalysis involves a catalyst in a different phase from the reactants. It is a process where the catalyst and the reactants are in distinct phases, typically solid and gas or liquid.Most heterogeneous catalysts are metals, metal oxides, or acids. The list includes transition metals like iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), tungsten (W), silver (Ag), and copper (Cu). These metals possess partially vacant d orbitals that...
Cycloaddition Reactions: MO Requirements for Thermal Activation01:16

Cycloaddition Reactions: MO Requirements for Thermal Activation

Thermal cycloadditions are reactions where the source of activation energy needed to initiate the reaction is provided in the form of heat. A typical example of a thermally-allowed cycloaddition is the Diels–Alder reaction, which is a [4 + 2] cycloaddition. In contrast, a [2 + 2] cycloaddition is thermally forbidden.
Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:24

Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Introduction
Like alkenes, alkynes can be reduced to alkanes in the presence of transition metal catalysts such as Pt, Pd, or Ni. The reaction involves two sequential syn additions of hydrogen via a cis-alkene intermediate.
Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation02:17

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...

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Updated: Jul 1, 2026

Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction
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Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction

Published on: April 10, 2018

Advanced Single-Atom Catalysts for Thermal-Catalytic C1 Chemistry.

Tao Zhou1, Ningqiang Zhang2, Zizhen Xiao1

  • 1Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China.

Chemical Reviews
|June 30, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Single-atom catalysts (SACs) are revolutionizing C1 chemistry for sustainable fuels. This review details SACs

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Catalytic Reactions at Amine-Stabilized and Ligand-Free Platinum Nanoparticles Supported on Titania During Hydrogenation of Alkenes and Aldehydes
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Synthesis and Testing of Supported Pt-Cu Solid Solution Nanoparticle Catalysts for Propane Dehydrogenation

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Area of Science:

  • Heterogeneous catalysis
  • Materials science
  • Sustainable chemistry

Background:

  • Thermal-catalytic conversion of C1 molecules is crucial for energy sustainability.
  • Single-atom catalysts (SACs) offer high metal utilization and atomic dispersion.
  • The coordination environment in SACs critically influences catalytic performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in SACs for C1 molecule conversion.
  • To propose common reaction mechanisms and design principles for SACs in C1 chemistry.
  • To identify limitations and future directions for SACs in this field.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic summarization of recent progress in SACs for C1 chemistry.
  • Analysis of the role of the coordination environment in SACs.
  • Examination of limitations in activity, selectivity, and stability.
  • Highlighting ensembled structures derived from SACs.

Main Results:

  • Elucidation of the critical role of the coordination environment in SAC performance.
  • Summary of SAC applications in converting CO, CO2, methane, methanol, formaldehyde, and formic acid.
  • Proposal of common reaction mechanisms and design principles for SACs.
  • Identification of limitations in activity, selectivity, and stability.

Conclusions:

  • SACs are highly promising for C1 chemistry, but limitations in activity, selectivity, and stability need addressing.
  • Ensembled structures derived from SACs show potential for enhanced performance.
  • Future research should focus on AI-driven design, microenvironment regulation, stability, operando characterization, and industrial application.