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Updated: Jul 1, 2026

An Open-Source Normothermic Perfusion System Designed for Research Scientists
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A Programmable Perfusion Platform with Temperature Monitoring Achieves Multiscale Cryopreservation.

Linshan Wang1, Yuying Wang1, Shiwen Wang1

  • 1School of Biomedical Engineering, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|June 30, 2026
PubMed
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This summary is machine-generated.

A new programmable platform standardizes cryopreservation by controlling cryoprotective agent (CPA) perfusion and temperature, improving cell and tissue survival rates after thawing.

Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Cryobiology
  • Bioengineering

Background:

  • Manual addition/removal of cryoprotective agents (CPAs) is standard but lacks control over critical variables like CPA formulation, addition rate, and temperature.
  • Existing methods struggle to standardize cryopreservation across diverse biological sample scales, from single cells to tissues.
  • Osmotic and cytotoxic damage from CPAs significantly impacts post-thaw recovery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a portable, programmable platform for standardized cryopreservation of multiscale biological samples.
  • To precisely control CPA concentration gradients and processing temperature to minimize cryoinjury.
  • To enhance post-thaw viability and structural integrity of cryopreserved cells and tissues.

Main Methods:

Keywords:
cryopreservationmultiscale samplesprogrammable perfusiontemperature monitoring

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  • Developed a portable and programmable CPA perfusion platform integrating cell encapsulation with nylon mesh trapping.
  • Enabled handling of samples from cell suspensions (NK-92 cells) to single cells (mouse oocytes) and tissues (skin).
  • Implemented program-controlled linear-gradient CPA perfusion and processing at 4°C to regulate solution and temperature environments.

    • Main Results:

    • Significantly improved post-thaw recovery rates: mouse oocyte survival increased from 65.6% to 77.4%, and NK-92 cell survival from 69.7% to 83.2%.
    • Histological analysis showed superior structural integrity and reduced cryoinjury in skin tissues processed with the platform.
    • Demonstrated effective CPA perfusion and temperature control, minimizing osmotic and cytotoxic damage.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed platform offers a standardized, efficient, and cost-effective solution for cryopreservation of multiscale biological samples.
    • Precise control over CPA perfusion and temperature is crucial for improving cryopreservation outcomes.
    • This technology has broad implications for biobanking, regenerative medicine, and research involving cryopreserved biological materials.