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Is Mediterranean diet associated with severe asthma control? A multi-center cross-sectional study in Greece
Maria Sfika1, Maria-Iosifina Kasdagli2, Konstantinos Bartziokas3
12nd Respiratory Medicine Department, University of Athens, "Attikon" University Hospital, Athens, Greece.
Summary
Higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) showed a trend towards better asthma control in severe asthmatics. Obesity and diabetes were linked to poorer asthma control, highlighting diet
Area of Science:
- Pulmonology
- Nutrition Science
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Lifestyle choices, including diet, may influence asthma development and symptoms.
- The Mediterranean diet (MD) is a dietary pattern potentially affecting inflammatory processes relevant to asthma.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) and asthma control levels in individuals with severe asthma.
- To explore the impact of dietary habits and related metabolic conditions on severe asthma control.
Main Methods:
- A cross-sectional study involving 315 severe asthmatics recruited from 16 centers in Greece (March 2022-2023).
- Adherence to the MD was measured using the MD Adherence Screener.
- Asthma control was assessed using the Asthma Control Test, with data analyzed via multiple logistic regression, adjusting for covariates.
Main Results:
- A positive but not statistically significant association was observed between higher MD adherence and better asthma control (OR: 1.19, 95% CIs: 0.61, 2.34).
- Obesity and diabetes were significantly associated with poorer asthma control, independent of other factors.
Conclusions:
- Higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet may be linked to improved asthma control in severe asthmatics, though this finding was not statistically significant.
- The study design limits causal inference, and the use of a screener for MD adherence has limitations.
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