Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Diabetes Insipidus II: Pathophysiology

Diabetes Insipidus II: Pathophysiology

Normally, water balance is maintained through three interconnected mechanisms: the hypothalamic thirst center, the synthesis and release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH, or vasopressin), and the kidneys' responsiveness to this hormone. ADH is synthesized in the hypothalamus, released from the posterior pituitary, and acts on the distal nephron, allowing water reabsorption and concentrated urine production.Diabetes Insipidus and Its TypesIn diabetes insipidus (DI), this regulatory system is...

Regulation of Water Intake

Regulation of Water Intake

Osmolality refers to the number of solute particles per kilogram of solvent in a solution. Plasma osmolality specifically indicates the total number of solute particles per kilogram of water in blood plasma. This value reflects the body's hydration status and is tightly regulated through mechanisms controlling water intake and output. While water consumption is a conscious decision, the body has intrinsic regulatory systems to maintain fluid balance. Dehydration, a state of water deficit...

Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State

Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State

Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State, or HHS, is a serious and life-threatening complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus. It is characterized by three main features: severe hyperglycemia, profound dehydration, and elevated serum osmolality, all occurring without significant ketoacidosis.HHS typically develops in older adults or individuals with limited access to fluids. This may result from illness, cognitive impairment, or medications such as diuretics or corticosteroids. These factors reduce...

What is Homeostasis?

What is Homeostasis?

Maintaining homeostasis requires that the body continuously maintain its internal conditions. Each physiological condition has a particular set point, from body temperature to blood pressure to levels of certain nutrients. A set point is the physiological value around which the normal range fluctuates. A normal range is a restricted set of values that is optimally healthful and stable. For example, the set point for normal human body temperature is approximately 37°C (98.6°F). Physiological...

Regulation of Sodium and Potassium

Regulation of Sodium and Potassium

The regulation of sodium and potassium ion concentrations in the human body is a complex process governed primarily by hormones such as aldosterone, antidiuretic hormone (ADH), and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP).
Sodium Regulation
Sodium ions make up approximately 90% of extracellular cations, with a normal blood plasma concentration of 136–148 mEq/L. A decrease in blood volume and pressure triggers the release of renin from granular cells in the juxtaglomerular complex (JGC), primarily in...

Renal Tubule and Collecting Duct

Renal Tubule and Collecting Duct

The renal tubule is divided into three parts: the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT), the Loop of Henle (LOH), and the distal convoluted tubule (DCT).
Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT):
The PCT is the initial segment of the renal tubule, extending from the Bowman's capsule that encloses the glomerulus. Its convoluted structure and microvilli-lined cells increase the surface area for reabsorption. The PCT reabsorbs glucose, amino acids, sodium, and water from the filtrate, ensuring essential...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Essential but elusive: the availability of suitable salt treatments for tubulopathies.

Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association·2026

Same author

Renal Fanconi syndrome and vitamin D deficiency: chicken or egg?

Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany)·2026

Same author

Therapeutic approaches for endocrine dysregulation in anorexia nervosa in adolescents.

Frontiers in pediatrics·2026

Same author

Improving precision diagnosis in unexplained CKD.

Clinical kidney journal·2026

Same author

Metabolic acidosis causes a Fanconi-like syndrome with intracellular trafficking defects and proximal tubule dysfunction.

Science translational medicine·2026

Same author

Rare disease gene association discovery in the 100,000 Genomes Project.

Nature·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 1, 2026

Full-Endoscopic Surgery for Hypothalamic Hamartoma Resection

Full-Endoscopic Surgery for Hypothalamic Hamartoma Resection

Published on: April 12, 2024

Chronic hyponatraemia with a reset osmostat: when abnormal is normal.

Hannah Butaye¹, Lotte Hoskens¹, Detlef Bockenhauer^2,3

¹Department of Paediatric Nephrology, UZ Leuven, Heerestrat 49, Louvain, Belgium.

Pediatric Nephrology (Berlin, Germany)

|June 30, 2026

Summary

Hyponatraemia, a common electrolyte disorder in children, can be challenging to diagnose. A reset osmostat, where the body regulates a lower plasma osmolality, is a key differential diagnosis in chronic euvolaemic hyponatraemia.

Keywords:

Hyponatraemia Hypoosmolality Midline defect Reset osmostat

More Related Videos

Nasolacrimal Lavage as a Treatment for Ocular Surface Toxic Soup Syndrome

Nasolacrimal Lavage as a Treatment for Ocular Surface Toxic Soup Syndrome

Published on: April 25, 2025

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 1, 2026

Full-Endoscopic Surgery for Hypothalamic Hamartoma Resection

Full-Endoscopic Surgery for Hypothalamic Hamartoma Resection

Published on: April 12, 2024

Nasolacrimal Lavage as a Treatment for Ocular Surface Toxic Soup Syndrome

Nasolacrimal Lavage as a Treatment for Ocular Surface Toxic Soup Syndrome

Published on: April 25, 2025

Area of Science:

Pediatric Endocrinology
Nephrology
Internal Medicine

Background:

Hyponatraemia is a frequent electrolyte disturbance in hospitalized children, affecting up to 30%.
Assessing volume status is crucial for hyponatraemia evaluation, differentiating salt deficit from water excess.
Chronic euvolaemic hyponatraemia necessitates considering less common diagnoses like a reset osmostat.

Purpose of the Study:

To present a case of adolescent chronic hyponatraemia.
To illustrate the diagnostic process for identifying a reset osmostat.
To highlight the importance of considering a reset osmostat in euvolaemic hyponatraemia.

Main Methods:

Clinical case presentation.
Evaluation of volume status in a pediatric patient.
Application of simple diagnostic tests for electrolyte abnormalities.

Main Results:

The case involved an adolescent with chronic hyponatraemia.
Diagnostic workup led to the identification of a reset osmostat.
The diagnosis was confirmed through straightforward clinical assessments.

Conclusions:

A reset osmostat is an important differential diagnosis for chronic euvolaemic hyponatraemia.
Simple diagnostic tests can effectively identify a reset osmostat.
This condition requires consideration in the management of pediatric hyponatraemia.