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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 1, 2026

Objective Nociceptive Assessment in Ventilated ICU Patients: A Feasibility Study Using Pupillometry and the Nociceptive Flexion Reflex
06:04

Objective Nociceptive Assessment in Ventilated ICU Patients: A Feasibility Study Using Pupillometry and the Nociceptive Flexion Reflex

Published on: July 4, 2018

Risk Factors for Mechanical Restraint Use in Non-ICU Hospitalized Patients With Delirium.

George Book1, Meghan Thomas1, Jingwen Zhang1

  • 1Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina.

Journal of Patient Safety
|June 30, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Delirium and antipsychotic use significantly increase the risk of mechanical restraints in hospitalized patients. Early screening and intervention are crucial for improving patient safety and reducing restraint use.

Keywords:
antipsychoticdeliriummechanical restraint use

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Last Updated: Jul 1, 2026

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Published on: January 9, 2026

Area of Science:

  • Medical research
  • Clinical practice
  • Patient safety

Background:

  • Mechanical restraints are used in hospitals, but risk factors are not fully understood.
  • Delirium and antipsychotic administration are potential contributors to restraint use.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify demographic and clinical factors associated with mechanical restraint use.
  • To specifically examine delirium screening results and antipsychotic receipt as risk factors.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cohort study of non-ICU adult patients (August 2018 - January 2021).
  • Data collected included sociodemographics, brief confusion assessment method (bCAM) screening, and antipsychotic medication.
  • Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyzed the association with mechanical restraints.

Main Results:

  • 408 out of 23,366 patients received mechanical restraints.
  • A positive delirium screen (bCAM) increased restraint risk (OR 27.94).
  • Antipsychotic receipt increased risk (OR 9.1), with combined delirium and antipsychotic use showing a very high risk (OR 190.30).

Conclusions:

  • Delirium and antipsychotics are significant risk factors for mechanical restraint use.
  • Opportunities exist to improve patient safety by optimizing antipsychotic prescribing and delirium management.