Metacognitive and Interpersonal Intellectual Humility Are Asymmetrically Associated with Well-Being

Intellectual humility, lauded as an important intellectual virtue, is theorized to encompass metacognitive tendencies (i.e., appreciation of the limits of one's knowledge and intellectual abilities) and interpersonal ones (i.e., appreciation of others' knowledge and intellectual abilities). Although prior research has investigated potential epistemic benefits, it remains unclear whether intellectual humility is personally beneficial-that is, conducive to individuals' well-being. Two main studies and one supplemental study (total N = 4,049) tested for associations cross-sectionally, within and between persons, and in longitudinal changes over 2 years. Results indicated that, whereas interpersonal intellectual humility is associated with better well-being, metacognitive intellectual humility is generally associated with worse. These findings highlight the importance of the distinction between these two forms of intellectual humility, align with theoretical work on the determinants of well-being, and have implications for intellectual humility's status as a virtue and for efforts to encourage people to cultivate intellectual humility.