Sample-Based Quantum Diagonalization Methods for Modeling the Photochemistry of Diazirine and Diazo Compounds

Diazirines and diazo compounds are widely employed as photoreactive precursors for generating carbenes, key intermediates in chemical biology and materials science. However, computationally modeling their reaction pathways remains challenging due to the need for large active spaces and the requirement to accurately capture excited-state surfaces along with transition states and conical intersections. In this work, we utilize a hybrid quantum-classical workflow for investigating carbene formation in representative diazirine-diazomethane systems. Our approach leverages Sample-based Quantum Diagonalization (SQD) and its extended variant, Extended Sample-based Quantum Diagonalization (Ext-SQD), for ground- and excited-state analysis, combined with classical tools for geometry optimization, active-space selection, and diagnostic evaluation. Quantum computations were carried out on superconducting quantum processors, and results for both aliphatic and aryl-substituted diazirine-diazomethane pairs were benchmarked against established classical methods, including density functional theory (DFT), coupled cluster with singles and doubles (CCSD), complete active space configuration interaction (CASCI), and selected configuration interaction (SCI). SQD achieves accuracy surpassing the chemical accuracy threshold for nearly all stationary points on the potential energy surface of parent diazirine relative to the CASCI(12,10) reference, and remains close to chemical accuracy for phenyl-substituted diazirine in a (30,30) active space, with an average deviation of 1.1 kcal/mol relative to the SCI benchmark. SQD closely follows CASCI and SCI trends, showing consistent agreement. The findings demonstrate the promise of quantum computing frameworks in modeling photochemical transformations of electronically complex and pharmacologically relevant molecules.