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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 2, 2026

Oxygenation-sensitive Cardiac MRI with Vasoactive Breathing Maneuvers for the Non-invasive Assessment of Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction
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Oxygenation-sensitive Cardiac MRI with Vasoactive Breathing Maneuvers for the Non-invasive Assessment of Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction

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Peak Oxygen Uptake for Risk Stratification in Fully Magnetically Levitated Left Ventricular Assist Device Recipients.

William Herrik Nielsen1, M Louis Handoko2, Christian Holdflod Møller3,4

  • 1From the Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.

ASAIO Journal (American Society for Artificial Internal Organs : 1992)
|June 30, 2026
PubMed
Summary

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Peak oxygen uptake (pVO 2 ) predicts long-term outcomes in advanced heart failure patients with left ventricular assist devices (LVAD). Lower pVO 2 indicates worse survival and higher risk of heart failure recurrence.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Exercise Physiology
  • Medical Devices

Background:

  • Peak oxygen uptake (pVO 2 ) is a prognostic marker in advanced heart failure.
  • Its predictive value in contemporary left ventricular assist device (LVAD) recipients is uncertain.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess if pVO 2 predicts long-term clinical outcomes in HeartMate 3 LVAD recipients.
  • To evaluate pVO 2 for risk stratification in stable LVAD patients.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective study of 250 HeartMate 3 LVAD recipients (2015-2025).
  • Cardiopulmonary exercise testing performed 90-400 days post-implant.
  • Median follow-up of 770 days.

Main Results:

  • Low pVO 2 (≤12 ml/kg/min on β-blocker or ≤14 off) observed in 52%.
Keywords:
exercise testingheart failureleft ventricular assist devicespeak oxygen uptakeprognosis

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Last Updated: Jul 2, 2026

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  • Low pVO 2 associated with inferior 5-year survival (57% vs. 84%) and survival free from heart failure recurrence (44% vs. 78%).
  • Each 1 ml/kg/min increase in pVO 2 reduced hazard of death or HF recurrence by 16% (p < 0.001).
  • Low pVO 2 linked to increased hospitalizations and ventricular arrhythmias.

    • Conclusions:

    • pVO 2 is a significant predictor of mortality and non-mortality outcomes in contemporary LVAD recipients.
    • Cardiopulmonary exercise testing aids long-term risk stratification and management in stable LVAD patients.