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Knowledge Graphs Based on Meta-Analysis Papers Improve the Quality of Case Formulation: Mixed Methods Design.
Kenji Yokotani1,2, Yasumitsu Jikihara3, Kohei Koiwa4
1Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-1, Minamijosanjima-cho, Tokushima, 770-8502, Japan, 81 88-656-7000.
JMIR Formative Research
|June 30, 2026
Summary
Knowledge graphs significantly improve the correctness, completeness, and feasibility of case formulations (CFs) for therapists. This AI-driven approach enhances therapeutic documentation quality, benefiting both novice and experienced practitioners.
Area of Science:
- Psychology
- Artificial Intelligence
- Clinical Practice
Background:
- Case formulation (CF) is a critical therapeutic skill.
- Generating high-quality CFs is time-consuming for therapists.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate if a knowledge graph (KG) derived from meta-analytic literature can improve CF quality.
- To compare KG-enhanced AI-generated CFs against human expert CFs.
Main Methods:
- Five groups generated 25 CFs each from vignettes: control (AI), personalization (AI), knowledge graph (AI + KG), knowledge graph with personalization (AI + KG + personalization), and human expert.
- CFs (n=125) were evaluated for correctness, completeness, feasibility, and consistency by a human expert using a 7-point scale and binary scoring for 18 elements.
- Qualitative analysis of CFs was also performed.
Main Results:
- Knowledge graph and knowledge graph with personalization groups showed significantly higher correctness, completeness, and feasibility than the control group.
- Human expert groups achieved higher consistency scores than AI groups.
- Feasibility scores were comparable between knowledge graph, knowledge graph with personalization, and expert groups.
- Qualitative analysis indicated human CFs were more client-friendly in language.
Conclusions:
- Knowledge graphs enhance the correctness, completeness, and feasibility of CFs, particularly for novice therapists.
- The study suggests KGs can improve the quality of CFs and mental health services for all therapists.
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