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What are plastic sinks? A comprehensive framework and functional typology.

Nelson Rangel-Buitrago1, Lucio Brabo2, Tommaso Giarrizzo2

  • 1Programa de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad del Atlántico, Barranquilla, Atlántico, Colombia.

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The "missing plastic paradox" highlights that most ocean plastic accumulates in diverse sinks, not just the surface. This study classifies these plastic sinks, revealing retention across natural and human environments over various timescales.

Keywords:
AccumulationGeomorphological processesPlasticsRetentionSinks

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Area of Science:

  • Marine Science
  • Environmental Science
  • Geomorphology

Background:

  • The global ocean accumulates vast amounts of plastic pollution annually.
  • A significant portion of this plastic is not found floating at the surface, creating the "missing plastic paradox."

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a comprehensive classification of plastic sinks in marine and coastal environments.
  • To integrate geomorphological, ecological, and anthropogenic factors in understanding plastic accumulation.

Main Methods:

  • Integration of geomorphological, ecological, and anthropogenic perspectives.
  • Classification of plastic sinks into four functional categories: permanent, semi-permanent, transient, and anthropogenic.
  • Emphasis on short-term mechanisms like litter windrows and plastic litter blooms.

Main Results:

  • Identified four functional categories of plastic sinks: permanent (deep-sea sediments, mangrove peat), semi-permanent (coral reefs, backshores), transient (garbage patches, water column), and anthropogenic (landfills, ports).
  • Highlighted litter windrows and plastic litter blooms as critical short-term plastic accumulation and delivery mechanisms.
  • Demonstrated that plastic retention occurs across natural and human systems, spanning timescales from hours to centuries.

Conclusions:

  • Plastic sinks are diverse and operate across multiple environmental domains and timescales.
  • Understanding these sinks is crucial for addressing the "missing plastic paradox" and managing marine plastic pollution effectively.