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Asthma in Children With Congenital Lung Malformations: A Population-Based Case-Control Study

Louis W J Dossche1,2, Ghazale Farjam1, Marius J P Zuidweg1,2

  • 1Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba and Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.

Pediatric Pulmonology
|June 30, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Children with congenital lung malformations (CLM) have a significantly higher risk of developing asthma, particularly females. This highlights the need for ongoing respiratory monitoring in these patients.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Pulmonology
  • Developmental Pediatrics
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Congenital lung malformations (CLM) are developmental anomalies that can lead to respiratory issues.
  • The link between CLM and asthma is not well understood due to limited research and lack of population controls.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the prevalence of asthma and associated outcomes in children with CLM.
  • To compare asthma risk and clinical course in CLM patients versus the general pediatric population.

Main Methods:

  • A population-based case-control study was conducted, linking CLM patients to provincial health data.
  • Asthma diagnosis (age ≥5 years) was identified using ICD-9/10 codes.
  • Outcomes included asthma prevalence, time to diagnosis, healthcare encounters, and medication patterns.

Main Results:

  • Children with CLM showed a 2.48-fold increased risk of asthma compared to controls (p < 0.001).
  • CLM cases had a threefold higher hazard of asthma diagnosis (aHR = 3.24), with females being particularly susceptible (aHR = 3.92).
  • CLM patients experienced 71% more asthma-related medical encounters annually (aIRR = 1.71).

Conclusions:

  • Children with CLM face a substantially elevated risk for asthma, characterized by earlier onset and increased healthcare utilization.
  • Female children with CLM are disproportionately affected.
  • Long-term respiratory surveillance and validated asthma assessments are crucial for managing children with CLM.
Abstract

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