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Approaches for enhancing bioavailability of macromolecular drugs
Ziliang Xiao1, Siying Wang1, Jiduo Han1
1Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, PR China.
None:
Compared with small-molecule drugs, macromolecular drugs offer advantages such as high safety, strong specificity, and low immunogenicity. Although macromolecular drugs suffer from inherently low bioavailability and face multiple physiological barriers, a systematic review that comprehensively summarizes the strategies to overcome these challenges is still lacking. Therefore, developing effective strategies to enhance the bioavailability of macromolecular drugs represents a highly promising research direction. Numerous studies have shown that macromolecular drugs prepared through biotechnology can be used in combination with various biological carriers to activate the immune system by inducing the production of immune cells and immune factors, thereby achieving disease prevention and treatment. This article reviews the multiple absorption barriers encountered by macromolecular drugs, such as peptides and proteins, in different delivery systems, as well as the strategies to improve their bioavailability and the technical approaches to overcome the related delivery challenges, aiming to provide theoretical references and a foundation for the design of novel macromolecular drug delivery systems.
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