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Theranekron prevents endotoxin-induced acute kidney injury by modulating inflammatory and mitochondrial apoptotic
Atila Altuntas1, Halil Asci2, Ilter Ilhan3
1Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Türkiye.
European Journal of Pharmacology
|June 30, 2026
Summary
Theranekron (THERA) treatment improved kidney function in rats with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute kidney injury (AKI). THERA enhanced antioxidant capacity and reduced inflammation and apoptosis, preserving aquaporin-2 (AQP2) expression.
Area of Science:
- Nephrology
- Toxicology
- Molecular Biology
Background:
- Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces acute kidney injury (AKI) via oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis.
- Theranekron (THERA) is a potential immunomodulator, but its renal effects are unknown.
Purpose of the Study:
- Investigate THERA's protective effects on LPS-induced AKI in rats.
- Elucidate THERA's impact on renal oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and key molecular pathways.
Main Methods:
- Rats received LPS, THERA, or both; controls were included.
- Assessed renal oxidative status (TAS, TOS, OSI), serum creatinine/urea, and histopathology.
- Evaluated immunohistochemical markers (eNOS, IFN-γ, IL-8) and gene expression (SIRT1, NRF2, HO-1, BCL2, BAX, AQP2, TNF-α, IL-10).
Main Results:
- LPS increased renal injury markers, oxidative stress, and pro-inflammatory/apoptotic factors, while decreasing antioxidants and AQP2.
- THERA treatment improved antioxidant status, reduced OSI, and attenuated histopathological damage.
- THERA upregulated HO-1, suppressed TNF-α, IL-10, IFN-γ, IL-8, and pro-apoptotic markers, preserving AQP2 expression.
Conclusions:
- Prophylactic THERA administration offers partial protection against early AKI.
- THERA enhances renal antioxidant capacity and upregulates HO-1.
- THERA suppresses inflammation and apoptosis, preserving AQP2 expression in AKI models.
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