Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Solvents01:12

Solvents

A solvent is a substance, most often a liquid, that can dissolve other substances. Here, the substance being dissolved is called a solute. When a solvent and a solute combine, they form a solution - a homogenous mixture of both the solvent and the solute. Water is a universal biological solvent. Its polar structure allows it to dissolve many other polar compounds. The ability of water to dissolve is governed by a balance between water molecules binding to each other and binding to the solute.
A...
Supercritical Fluid Chromatography01:18

Supercritical Fluid Chromatography

Supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) provides a beneficial substitute for gas chromatography (GC) and liquid chromatography (LC) for certain samples because it merges the top attributes of both techniques. SFC allows the separation and analysis of compounds that GC or LC does not easily manage. These compounds are traditionally nonvolatile or thermally unstable, making GC unsuitable and lacking functional groups required for HPLC analysis.
SFC utilizes a supercritical fluid mobile phase,...
Bioplastics01:27

Bioplastics

Bioplastics derived from microbial processes present a sustainable alternative to conventional petroleum-based plastics. Among these, polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), particularly polyhydroxybutyrates (PHBs), have emerged as prominent candidates due to their biodegradability and biocompatibility. These polymers are synthesized by a variety of bacteria, such as Cupriavidus necator and Pseudomonas putida, which naturally accumulate PHAs as intracellular carbon and energy reserves, especially under...
Factors Affecting Dissolution: Drug Permeability, Stability and Stereochemistry01:20

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Drug Permeability, Stability and Stereochemistry

Orally administered drugs primarily enter the systemic circulation via passive diffusion through the intestinal membranes. The drug's absorption is influenced by drug stability in the gastrointestinal GI tract, membrane permeability, the surface area available for absorption, luminal drug concentration, and residence time in the lumen. Drug permeability can be enhanced by adjusting the lipophilicity, polarity, or molecular size of the drug, promoting its passive transport across intestinal...
Production of Pharmaceuticals01:30

Production of Pharmaceuticals

Industrial insulin production uses genetically engineered E. coli expressing a proinsulin gene controlled by a tryptophan promoter and containing a methionine linker for later cleavage. The cells also carry ampicillin resistance for selective growth. Seed cultures are stored at −80 °C and production begins by thawing a small amount to inoculate starter cultures, which are progressively scaled to a 50,000-L bioreactor. In the bioreactor, E. coli grow in nutrient-rich media under sterile, tightly...
Clinically Relevant Drug Product Specifications: Methods of Establishment01:29

Clinically Relevant Drug Product Specifications: Methods of Establishment

Product specifications define the acceptable quality of a pharmaceutical product by ensuring identity, purity, potency, and strength. These specifications serve as benchmarks during development, manufacturing, and post-approval quality control. Clinically relevant specifications are particularly important because they directly relate to a drug's safety and efficacy in clinical use.Dissolution studies are critical biopharmaceutic tools that link in vitro behavior to in vivo performance. They...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Recreational Drug Use Amongst Children and Adolescents Presenting to Australian Emergency Departments With Acute Behavioural Disturbance: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomised Controlled Trial.

Emergency medicine Australasia : EMA·2026
Same author

SARS-CoV-2 Ancestral and Omicron variant immunity in Australian children in 2023, a seroprevalence study.

Vaccine·2026
Same author

Serum Glucose and Ketone Concentrations in Fasted Children Aged 6-12 Months Having Elective Surgery.

Paediatric anaesthesia·2026
Same author

Postanesthesia Apnea in Former Preterm Infants for Inguinal Herniorrhaphy: An Update of Risk Factors from an Individual Participant Data Meta-analysis.

Anesthesiology·2026
Same author

Seroprevalence of Dengue, Chikungunya, and Zika Viruses Among Febrile Patients in Dhaka, Bangladesh: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study.

Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Intranasal Treatments for Children With Sleep-Disordered Breathing: The MIST+ Randomized Clinical Trial.

JAMA pediatrics·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 2, 2026

Synthesis of Esters Via a Greener Steglich Esterification in Acetonitrile
06:52

Synthesis of Esters Via a Greener Steglich Esterification in Acetonitrile

Published on: October 30, 2018

Green, renewable, or low-carbon? A framework for informed solvent selection in pharmaceutical sciences.

Md Sajjadur Rahman1, William Hiers2, Andrew Davidson1

  • 1Analytical Research & Development, Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT 06340, USA.

Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
|June 30, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Clarifying terms like "green," "renewable," and "low-carbon" solvents is crucial for pharmaceutical sustainability. This review proposes a framework to differentiate these solvent types, ensuring accurate environmental impact assessment and reporting.

Keywords:
Analytical method developmentLife‑cycle assessmentNet zero goals, solvent selectionPharmaceutical sustainability

More Related Videos

Green Synthesis of Quinoline-Based Ionic Liquid
05:59

Green Synthesis of Quinoline-Based Ionic Liquid

Published on: September 27, 2024

Green Synthesis, Characterization, Encapsulation, and Measurement of the Release Potential of Novel Alkali Lignin Micro-/Submicron Particles
07:42

Green Synthesis, Characterization, Encapsulation, and Measurement of the Release Potential of Novel Alkali Lignin Micro-/Submicron Particles

Published on: March 1, 2024

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 2, 2026

Synthesis of Esters Via a Greener Steglich Esterification in Acetonitrile
06:52

Synthesis of Esters Via a Greener Steglich Esterification in Acetonitrile

Published on: October 30, 2018

Green Synthesis of Quinoline-Based Ionic Liquid
05:59

Green Synthesis of Quinoline-Based Ionic Liquid

Published on: September 27, 2024

Green Synthesis, Characterization, Encapsulation, and Measurement of the Release Potential of Novel Alkali Lignin Micro-/Submicron Particles
07:42

Green Synthesis, Characterization, Encapsulation, and Measurement of the Release Potential of Novel Alkali Lignin Micro-/Submicron Particles

Published on: March 1, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical Manufacturing
  • Green Chemistry
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Pharmaceutical companies aim for net-zero goals, but solvent sustainability requires clear definitions.
  • Solvents significantly contribute to environmental impacts, including greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs), resource use, and waste.
  • Current terminology like "green," "renewable," and "low-carbon" is often used interchangeably, causing confusion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a structured framework differentiating green, renewable, and low-carbon solvents.
  • To clarify the distinct meanings of solvent sustainability descriptors in pharmaceutical contexts.
  • To discuss the implications of these distinctions for pharmaceutical development and analytical chemistry.

Main Methods:

  • Review and analysis of existing literature on solvent sustainability.
  • Definition and differentiation of key terms: green, renewable, and low-carbon solvents.
  • Proposal of a structured framework for classifying solvents based on sustainability criteria.

Main Results:

  • "Renewable" solvents are derived from replenishable sources (e.g., biomass).
  • "Green" solvents exhibit low hazard and environmental compatibility per the 12 Principles of Green Chemistry.
  • "Low-carbon" solvents possess a reduced lifecycle greenhouse gas footprint compared to alternatives.

Conclusions:

  • Clear differentiation of solvent sustainability terms is essential for accurate carbon accounting and effective solvent selection.
  • A structured framework aids in avoiding inefficient solvent replacements and false sustainability reporting.
  • Understanding these distinctions is critical for achieving genuine environmental progress in the pharmaceutical industry.