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Related Concept Videos

Visual Agnosia01:12

Visual Agnosia

Visual agnosia is a condition characterized by the inability to recognize visually presented objects despite having normal vision. For instance, a person with visual agnosia can describe the shape and color of an object but cannot identify or name it. This impairment does not affect their visual field, acuity, color vision, brightness discrimination, language, or memory. An example of this condition in a social setting is someone at a dinner party asking for "that silver thing with a round end"...
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Lateralization

Brain lateralization refers to the division of mental processes and functions between the two hemispheres of the brain, a phenomenon that optimizes neural efficiency and underpins complex abilities in humans. This specialization allows each hemisphere to perform tasks where it has a comparative advantage, facilitating more refined cognitive capabilities across different domains.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 2, 2026

Digital Handwriting Analysis of Characters in Chinese Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment
05:58

Digital Handwriting Analysis of Characters in Chinese Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment

Published on: March 11, 2021

Two scripts, two pathways: dorsal-ventral biases in post-stroke kana-kanji agraphia.

Takeshi Ito1,2, Yuichi Higashiyama1, Masayo Urano1,2,3

  • 1Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004,  Japan.

Brain : a Journal of Neurology
|June 30, 2026
PubMed
Summary

This study reveals distinct brain pathways for writing Japanese kana (phonograms) and kanji (morphograms) in stroke patients with aphasia. Findings show dorsal pathways for kana and ventral pathways for kanji, advancing understanding of writing disorders.

Keywords:
agraphiaaphasiadisconnectome–symptom mappingkanakanjilesion–symptom mapping

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Linguistics
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Stroke-induced writing impairments offer insights into neural writing mechanisms.
  • The Japanese writing system, with kana (phonograms) and kanji (morphograms), allows distinct analysis of writing pathways.
  • Previous research on kana vs. kanji processing is limited by small cohorts and pure agraphia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify anatomical differences underlying phonogram (kana) versus morphogram (kanji) processing in a large stroke-induced aphasia cohort.
  • To investigate distinct neural substrates for kana and kanji writing using advanced neuroimaging techniques.
  • To explore script-specific neural processing in aphasia.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 315 post-stroke aphasia patients with comprehensive language assessments (kana/kanji writing tests) and MRI.
  • Multivariate support vector regression-based lesion-symptom mapping to correlate lesion locations with writing deficits.
  • Structural disconnection analyses (disconnectome mapping) and tract-level regression to identify affected white matter pathways.

Main Results:

  • Lesion-symptom mapping indicated left frontal regions for kana impairments and white matter under the supramarginal/angular gyri for kanji impairments.
  • Disconnectome analyses implicated left dorsal pathways (arcuate fasciculus, superior longitudinal fasciculus) for kana writing and left ventral pathways (inferior fronto-occipital, inferior longitudinal fasciculus) for kanji writing.
  • Tract-level regression confirmed a dissociation: kana outcomes associated with dorsal pathways, kanji outcomes with ventral pathways.

Conclusions:

  • Distinct neural pathways exist for writing phonograms (kana) and morphograms (kanji).
  • A dorsal-ventral pathway dissociation underlies kana and kanji writing impairments in aphasia.
  • Findings enhance understanding of script-specific neural processing and may guide aphasia rehabilitation strategies.