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Related Concept Videos

Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS01:11

Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS

Genome-wide association studies or GWAS are used to identify whether common SNPs are associated with certain diseases. Suppose specific SNPs are more frequently observed in individuals with a particular disease than those without the disease. In that case, those SNPs are said to be associated with the disease. Chi-square analysis is performed to check the probability of the allele likely to be associated with the disease.
GWAS does not require the identification of the target gene involved in...
Heritability01:06

Heritability

Heritability is a statistical concept that measures the degree to which genetic differences among individuals contribute to trait variations within a population. It is a fundamental idea in genetics, often prone to misinterpretation. Heritability is expressed as a percentage, reflecting the proportion of variation in a specific trait across a population that can be linked to genetic differences. However, it's important to understand that heritability does not determine how "genetic" a trait is,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 2, 2026

Large-Scale Multi-Omics Genome-Wide Association Studies (Mo-GWAS): Guidelines for Sample Preparation and Normalization
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Published on: July 27, 2021

Genome-Wide Association Study and Genomic Prediction for Maximum Litter Size in Sows.

Changyi Chen1, Hao Sun1, Xiaoran Zhang1

  • 1College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China.

Animal Genetics
|June 30, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Mean litter size traits offer a more reliable way to improve pig reproduction than single-parity records. Maximum litter size traits can supplement selection for elite pigs, aiding breeding programs.

Keywords:
GWASgenomic predictionheritabilitylitter sizepig breeding

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Area of Science:

  • Animal Genetics
  • Reproductive Biology
  • Quantitative Genetics

Background:

  • Improving sow reproductive performance is crucial for swine production efficiency.
  • Traditional selection targets like total born number (TBN) and number born alive (NBA) have low heritability, limiting genetic progress.
  • Alternative litter size traits derived from multiple parities may offer better genetic insights.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate maximum and mean litter size traits (maxTBN, maxNBA, meanTBN, meanNBA) as alternative selection criteria for pig reproduction.
  • To identify genetic markers associated with improved litter size traits.
  • To assess the utility of these traits in genomic prediction models.

Main Methods:

  • Calculated heritability estimates for single-parity, maximum, and mean litter size traits in a Dongliao Black pig population.
  • Conducted genome-wide association studies (GWAS) using estimated breeding values for maximum and mean traits.
  • Validated significant single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in an independent Large White population.
  • Developed and compared genomic prediction models using conventional and alternative litter size traits.

Main Results:

  • Heritability estimates for mean and maximum litter size traits were substantially higher than for single-parity TBN and NBA.
  • GWAS identified 158 significant SNPs, implicating candidate genes involved in reproduction.
  • Favorable alleles at identified loci were near fixation in a high-performing population, confirming their effect.
  • Genomic prediction models using mean and maximum traits showed improved prediction accuracy compared to conventional traits.

Conclusions:

  • Mean litter size traits are robust phenotypes for genetic evaluation of sow fertility.
  • Maximum litter size traits can serve as supplementary indicators for identifying elite individuals.
  • Identified genetic markers can inform balanced selection strategies to enhance pig reproduction.