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Bioassays for Monitoring Insecticide Resistance

Bioassays for Monitoring Insecticide Resistance

Published on: December 30, 2010

Insect-based models in pharmaceutical ecotoxicology: a bibliometric and narrative review.

Jumriani Jumriani¹, Ratnawati Ratnawati¹, Youdiil Ophinni^2,3,4,5

¹Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia.

|July 1, 2026

Summary

Pharmaceutical waste in the environment poses ecotoxicological risks. This review highlights insects

Keywords:

Drosophila melanogaster Hermetia illucens Pharmaceutical waste ecotoxicology insects trophic transfer

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Area of Science:

Ecotoxicology
Environmental Science
Biotechnology

Background:

Pharmaceutical waste is an emerging environmental contaminant with potential ecotoxicological risks.
Research on pharmaceutical ecotoxicology has predominantly focused on aquatic environments and risk assessment.
Terrestrial exposure pathways and food chain dynamics are less emphasized in current research.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the global research development on pharmaceutical waste in ecotoxicology.
To examine the role of insects in pharmaceutical contaminant trophic food-chain exposure.
To propose an insect-based ecotoxicology framework for waste management and toxicological studies.

Main Methods:

Bibliometric analysis of 1,051 articles from the Scopus database (2010-2025).
Keyword analysis to identify research trends and gaps.
Narrative review of existing literature on pharmaceutical waste accumulation and transfer.

Main Results:

Consistent upward trend in pharmaceutical ecotoxicology publications, with a focus on aquatic systems.
Pharmaceuticals can accumulate in organisms and transfer through food chains, causing toxic effects.
Insects, such as Hermetia illucens and Drosophila melanogaster, play a key role in trophic exposure and toxicological responses.

Conclusions:

Insects are crucial mediators in pharmaceutical waste's food chain exposure.
Hermetia illucens shows potential for waste biotransformation, while Drosophila melanogaster is valuable for mechanistic toxicological studies.
An integrated ecotoxicological approach incorporating insects and food chain pathways is needed for effective pharmaceutical waste management.