The relationship between iron deficiency and thyroid function: findings from a population-based study in Jordan.

Area of Science:

• Endocrinology
• Nutritional Science
• Public Health

Background:

• Iron deficiency (ID) is a prevalent nutritional issue globally.
• Thyroid dysfunction affects metabolic processes and overall health.
• The relationship between ID and thyroid disorders requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the association between iron deficiency (ID) and thyroid dysfunction.
• To assess thyroid function parameters in relation to iron status among Jordanian adults.

Main Methods:

• Cross-sectional analysis of 3,605 Jordanian adults from a 2017 nationwide survey.
• Collection of sociodemographic, anthropometric, and biochemical data, including serum ferritin, TSH, FT3, and FT4.
• Statistical analysis using Kruskal-Wallis and chi-square tests (p < 0.05 significant).

Main Results:

• Individuals with ID and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) exhibited significantly lower FT3 and FT4 levels and higher TSH levels compared to controls.
• The prevalence of hypothyroidism and combined hypothyroidism/subclinical hypothyroidism was significantly higher in the IDA group.
• No significant associations were found for hyperthyroidism or subclinical hyperthyroidism.

Conclusions:

• Iron deficiency, especially IDA, is associated with an increased prevalence of hypothyroidism in Jordanian adults.
• Findings emphasize the importance of screening thyroid function in individuals with low iron status.
• Further longitudinal studies are recommended to establish causal relationships.