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The Synthesis of RGD-functionalized Hydrogels as a Tool for Therapeutic Applications
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Impact-Resistant Hydrogels Via Quaternary Ammonium-Regulated Networks.

Xingkui Guo1, Binxin Dong1, Shuangshuang Miao1

  • 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|July 1, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed novel quaternary ammonium-regulated hydrogels for enhanced impact resistance. These adaptable supramolecular networks offer tunable mechanical properties and superior performance for advanced protection systems.

Keywords:
hydrogen‐bond‐associated domainimpact protectionion‐dipole interactionquaternary ammoniumstructural hydrogels

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Biomaterials Engineering

Background:

  • Hydrogels are promising for impact mitigation due to biocompatibility and design flexibility.
  • Conventional hydrogels exhibit poor mechanical properties and environmental instability, limiting practical use.
  • Need for advanced hydrogels with robust mechanical performance and stability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To overcome limitations of conventional hydrogels using quaternary ammonium-regulated networks.
  • To develop hydrogels with tunable mechanics and enhanced impact resistance.
  • To explore a generalizable strategy for improving structural hydrogel applications.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized quaternary ammonium-polymer associations to create dynamic supramolecular architectures.
  • Controlled structural organization in polymers with regularly spaced polar groups (PVA, PAA, PAM).
  • Tuned polymer composition to achieve a wide range of mechanical properties.

Main Results:

  • Achieved widely tunable mechanics from brittle to ductile behavior.
  • Demonstrated high ultimate stresses (32.9-101.9 MPa), strains (29%-1670%), and toughness (22.7-434.1 MJ m⁻³).
  • Exhibited exceptional impact resistance (426.7 MPa), high energy dissipation (96.02%), and puncture resistance (1.3 J).

Conclusions:

  • Quaternary ammonium-regulated networks offer a versatile strategy for enhancing hydrogel mechanical properties.
  • The developed hydrogels show superior performance compared to other tough hydrogels and natural materials.
  • This approach expands the applicability of structural hydrogels in mechanically demanding conditions.