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Related Concept Videos

Hand hygiene01:23

Hand hygiene

Asepsis is the practice of preventing or breaking the chain of infection. The nurse employs aseptic techniques to prevent the spread of microorganisms and reduce the risk of diseases. Hand hygiene is the cornerstone of aseptic techniques and is classified into medical and surgical asepsis. Medical asepsis includes hand hygiene and the use of gloves. Surgical asepsis, or the sterile technique, refers to practices that render and keep objects and areas free of microorganisms.
Hand washing...
Antibiotic Selection00:57

Antibiotic Selection

Overview
Clinical Significance of Antibiotic Resistance01:25

Clinical Significance of Antibiotic Resistance

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) presents a critical public health threat, arising from its capacity to resist β-lactam antibiotics due to acquisition of the mecA gene within the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec). This gene encodes penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP2a), which impairs binding efficacy of methicillin and other β-lactams. MRSA has evolved into distinct clonal lineages impacting humans and animals alike, reinforcing its significance within the One...
Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care01:30

Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

A healthcare provider can diagnose a urinary tract infection (UTI) through several methods:Medical History and Symptoms: The provider will take a detailed medical history and ask about symptoms such as frequent urination, burning sensation during urination, and lower abdominal pain.Urinalysis: A clean-catch urine sample is collected in a sterile container and tested for the presence of bacteria, white blood cells (leukocytes), nitrites, blood, and protein. The presence of leukocytes and...
Microbiota Modulation by Antibiotics01:21

Microbiota Modulation by Antibiotics

Antibiotics have revolutionized modern medicine by saving countless lives from bacterial infections. However, their widespread use has inadvertently harmed the delicate balance of the human gut microbiota. The gut microbiota, a complex community of bacteria, archaea, viruses, and fungi, plays a vital role in regulating metabolism, immune responses, and maintaining intestinal health. Antibiotics, especially broad-spectrum types, disrupt this ecosystem by eradicating both harmful and beneficial...
Standard Precaution01:26

Standard Precaution

Standard precautions are the minimum infection control safeguards used while caring for all patients, irrespective of their disease condition. They help prevent the spread of common infectious microorganisms to healthcare workers, patients, and visitors in all healthcare settings.
Hand hygiene is the most crucial means to prevent the transmission of disease. Employers are legally required to provide their workers with personal protective equipment (PPE) to minimize exposure or contact with...

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Related Experiment Videos

Antibiotics in Hand Surgery: Guidelines and Review.

Jason Strelzow1, Joel S Solomon2, Sonia Chaudhry3

  • 1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO.

Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online
|July 1, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis is not routinely recommended for most hand surgeries due to low infection rates. An individualized, risk-based approach is advised for surgical site infection prevention.

Keywords:
AntibioticsEvidence-based treatmentGuidelinesHand surgeryInfection

Related Experiment Videos

Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Infectious Disease
  • Antimicrobial Stewardship

Background:

  • Surgical site infection (SSI) is a concern in hand surgery, despite low rates.
  • Current guidelines often advise against routine antibiotic prophylaxis for clean procedures, but practice varies.
  • Evidence on the efficacy of prophylaxis in common hand surgeries is inconsistent.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize evidence and guidelines on preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis in hand surgery.
  • To evaluate the impact of prophylaxis on SSI rates based on procedure type and patient risk factors.
  • To inform antimicrobial stewardship strategies in hand surgery.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review and synthesis of current evidence and guidelines.
  • Analysis of data from retrospective studies and prospective trials.
  • Consideration of patient-specific risk factors and implant-related surgery.

Main Results:

  • No significant reduction in SSI rates observed with prophylactic antibiotics in common soft tissue hand procedures (e.g., carpal tunnel release).
  • Emerging evidence suggests no significant difference in infection rates for clean, implant-related hand surgery with or without prophylaxis.
  • Patient factors like diabetes and smoking increase SSI risk, but antibiotic benefit remains unclear; cefazolin is preferred, but alternatives have higher complication rates.

Conclusions:

  • Routine preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis is not supported for most hand surgeries.
  • An individualized, risk-based approach to antibiotic use is recommended, aligning with antimicrobial stewardship.
  • Further high-quality randomized trials are needed to optimize prophylaxis strategies for both soft tissue and implant-based procedures.