Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 2, 2026
The Immersive Cleveland Clinic Virtual Reality Shopping Platform for the Assessment of Instrumental Activities of Daily Living
Published on: July 28, 2022
Development of a picture-based tool for subjective deficits in cognition and ADLs
Isabell Ballasch1,2, Ronja Faßbender1, Onur A Oezguer1
1Department of Neurology University of Cologne Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne Cologne Germany.
Introduction:
Traditional instruments assessing activities of daily living (ADLs) and cognitive complaints are language based and insufficiently capture technology-based ADLs, limiting use among individuals with limited language proficiency or language impairments. We developed the picture-based assessment of subjective deficits in cognition and ADL (Pic-ADL) to address this gap and reflect contemporary everyday functioning.
Methods:
The Pic-ADL is a picture-based self-report questionnaire covering cognitive and ADL complaints, including novel items on digital media. We investigated 243 healthy controls and 70 neurological patients, who completed neuropsychological testing and language-based questionnaires for validation.
Results:
The Pic-ADL showed high acceptability, reliability, and validity. Patients with major neurocognitive disorder (NCD) reported significantly more difficulties than patients with mild NCD and controls (pη2 = .49). Classification accuracy of controls/mild NCD versus major NCD was 91% (sensitivity = .83, specificity = .86).
Discussion:
The Pic-ADL demonstrated strong psychometric properties and may be useful in settings where language-based assessment is challenging, supporting improved NCD diagnosis.
Abstract:
TRIAL REGISTRATION: Trial registration number: DRKS00033038 (date of registration: 27.11.2023) TRIAL REGISTRY: German Clinical Trials Register (Deutsches Register Klinischer Studien; DRKS).
