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Chromosomics: Detection of Numerical and Structural Alterations in All 24 Human Chromosomes Simultaneously Using a Novel OctoChrome FISH Assay

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Association Between Job Characteristics, Benzene Exposure, and Hematopoietic Cancer Risk in Subway Maintenance

Kanwoo Youn¹, Dong-Wook Lee^2,3, Ju-Hyun Park⁴

¹Wonjin Institute for Occupational and Environmental Health, Republic of Korea.

Safety and Health at Work

|July 1, 2026

Summary

Subway maintenance workers (MWs) showed no increased risk of hematopoietic cancers (HC) overall. However, definite past benzene exposure significantly elevated HC risk, suggesting a link requiring further investigation.

Keywords:

Benzene Hematopoietic cancer (HC)Job-exposure matrix (JEM)Subway maintenance workers (MWs)Thinners

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Area of Science:

Occupational Health
Epidemiology
Toxicology

Background:

Multiple hematopoietic cancer (HC) cases were observed in subway train maintenance workers (MWs).
This study investigated the potential link between maintenance work and HC occurrence.

Purpose of the Study:

To compare HC incidence in MWs against the general population.
To assess the association between job characteristics, benzene exposure, and HC risk in MWs.

Main Methods:

A cohort of 4,438 MWs was analyzed from 2005-2024.
HC cases were identified via surveys and interviews; benzene exposure was estimated using a job-exposure matrix.
Standardized incidence ratios and Cox proportional hazards ratios were calculated.

Main Results:

Eleven HC cases (4 leukemia, 7 non-Hodgkin lymphoma) were identified; overall HC risk was not elevated compared to the general population.
MWs with "definite" past benzene exposure had a significantly higher HC risk (HR = 3.58).
Qualitative benzene exposure levels suggested a potential association, but results were not statistically significant.

Conclusions:

Further research with extended follow-up is needed.
Clarifying maintenance-specific associations with HC risk requires additional case identification.