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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 2, 2026

An Affordable HIV-1 Drug Resistance Monitoring Method for Resource Limited Settings

An Affordable HIV-1 Drug Resistance Monitoring Method for Resource Limited Settings

Published on: March 30, 2014

Job Strain Profiles in Pharmacy Workforce: Evidence from the Job Demand, Control, and Support Model in Ghana.

Godwin Dogbey¹, Adriana-Maria Hiller^2,3, Awaanu-Lah Zinale¹

¹School of Veterinary Sciences, University for Development Studies, Nyankpala, Ghana.

Safety and Health at Work

|July 1, 2026

Summary

Psychosocial work factors like job demand, control, and support impact Ghanaian pharmacy staff. Job title, age, and experience influence these factors, highlighting the need for targeted stress-reduction interventions.

Keywords:

Ghana Health Job Demand–Control–Support (JD-C-S) model Pharmacy personnel

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Last Updated: Jul 2, 2026

An Affordable HIV-1 Drug Resistance Monitoring Method for Resource Limited Settings

An Affordable HIV-1 Drug Resistance Monitoring Method for Resource Limited Settings

Published on: March 30, 2014

Area of Science:

Occupational Health
Psychosocial Work Environment
Healthcare Workforce Studies

Background:

The Job Demand-Control-Support (JD-C-S) model is a framework for understanding how work environment factors influence employee health and performance.
Psychosocial factors at work are critical determinants of well-being and productivity in healthcare settings.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate how demographic characteristics, job titles, and professional experience correlate with job demand, control, and support among pharmacy personnel in Ghana.
To identify specific subgroups within the pharmacy workforce that may be at higher risk for job strain.

Main Methods:

A cross-sectional survey utilizing the JD-C-S questionnaire was administered to pharmacy staff in Tamale and Sagnarigu, Ghana.
Job demand and control scores were dichotomized using median cutoffs and categorized into four job-strain classifications (high-strain, low-strain, active, passive).
Logistic and linear regression analyses were employed to examine associations between job strain categories and demographic/professional variables, with sensitivity analyses conducted.

Main Results:

The study included 117 pharmacy personnel, with passive (43.6%) and active (29.1%) job types being most prevalent.
Younger participants (≤30 years) reported significantly higher job demand and control compared to older counterparts.
Medicine counter assistants demonstrated a higher likelihood of experiencing high-strain jobs (OR: 2.80) and lower job control (β: -0.38) compared to pharmacists.

Conclusions:

Demographic factors such as age and job title significantly shape the psychosocial work profiles of pharmacy staff.
Findings underscore the necessity for tailored interventions to mitigate workplace stress and enhance the overall well-being of pharmacy personnel.