Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 2, 2026
07:59
Therapy Interventions for Upper Limb Amputees Undergoing Selective Nerve Transfers
Published on: October 29, 2021
Muscle morphology and function following a transfemoral amputation: A systematic review
C M Kroes1,2, R Schelhaas3,4, R Dekker3
1Department of Human Movement Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Canadian Prosthetics & Orthotics Journal
|July 1, 2026
Summary
Transfemoral amputation (TFA) significantly alters residual limb muscle morphology and function, leading to reduced muscle size and strength. Further research is needed to understand these changes and their impact on mobility.
Area of Science:
- Biomedical Engineering
- Rehabilitation Science
- Orthopedics
Background:
- Restoring function after transfemoral amputation (TFA) is vital for prosthesis use.
- Residual limb muscle morphology and function are critical for mobility.
- Muscle alterations post-amputation can impair limb functioning.
Purpose of the Study:
- To critically review existing evidence on residual limb muscle morphology and function after TFA.
- To provide a comprehensive overview of objective measurements in TFA patients.
Main Methods:
- Systematic literature search of PubMed, Embase, and CINAHL up to September 2025.
- Inclusion of studies with objective measures of muscle morphology and/or function in TFA individuals.
- Quality appraisal using Joanna Briggs Institute checklists and PRISMA guidelines.
Main Results:
- 24 studies met inclusion criteria; 8 on morphology, 16 on function.
- Muscle volume and cross-sectional area were reduced in residual limbs compared to intact limbs.
- Residual limbs showed reduced hip flexion, extension, and abduction torques; adduction torque was affected at lower speeds.
Conclusions:
- Muscle morphology and function are significantly altered post-TFA, with considerable variation.
- Study heterogeneity limits understanding of influencing factors.
- Future research should integrate morphology and function assessments to clarify variations.