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Behaviour change intervention for inhaler disposal, Spain.

Noé Garin1, Borja Zarate-Tamames1, Esther Vaquero-Alvarez2

  • 1Pharmacy Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Sant Antoni Maria Claret 167, 08025Barcelona, Spain.

Bulletin of the World Health Organization
|July 1, 2026
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Asthma patients often dispose of inhalers incorrectly despite environmental concerns. A pharmacy-led intervention significantly improved correct inhaler disposal rates by educating patients on environmental impact and proper disposal methods.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Pharmaceutical Sciences
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Metered-dose inhalers (MDIs) are crucial for asthma management but pose environmental disposal challenges.
  • Patient disposal behaviors often contradict stated environmental concerns, highlighting a knowledge gap.
  • Understanding factors influencing MDI disposal is key to developing effective interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze metered-dose inhaler disposal behavior in asthma patients.
  • To identify patient characteristics associated with appropriate inhaler disposal.
  • To quantify the impact of a pharmacy-led educational intervention on disposal practices.

Main Methods:

  • A multicenter cross-sectional study in 40 Spanish hospitals.
  • Survey of adults with severe asthma on sociodemographics, health, environmental attitudes, and disposal behaviors.
  • Pre-post quasi-experimental evaluation of a pharmacy-led intervention providing infographics on MDI environmental impact and disposal.

Main Results:

  • Only 46.6% of patients correctly disposed of inhalers despite high environmental awareness.
  • Appropriate disposal was linked to household recycling, perceived environmental impact, disposal program awareness, low income, and functional limitations.
  • The pharmacy intervention increased correct inhaler disposal to 84.1% after 3 months.

Conclusions:

  • A significant gap exists between asthma patients' environmental concerns and their inhaler disposal practices, primarily due to limited knowledge.
  • A targeted, pharmacy-led educational intervention effectively bridged this knowledge gap, doubling correct inhaler disposal rates.
  • Interventions focusing on patient education are crucial for improving environmentally sound disposal of medical devices.