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Updated: Jul 2, 2026

Investigating Glycolysis in Primary Microglia Using Extracellular Flux Assay
Published on: April 10, 2026
Glucose metabolic reprogramming: mechanisms and therapeutic implications in neuroinflammation
Lan Zhang1, Xinyue Yang1, Xiaolin Ai1
1Department of Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
None:
Microglia play dual and context-dependent roles in the central nervous system, contributing both to the maintenance of brain homeostasis and the propagation of neuroinflammatory responses. Under pathological conditions, microglia undergo profound glycolytic reprogramming, characterized by a shift from oxidative phosphorylation to enhanced aerobic glycolysis. This review focuses on the glucose-glycolysis-lactate metabolic axis and its pivotal role in microglial immunometabolism. We elucidated how key glycolytic enzymes (e.g., HK2, PKM2) and metabolites (e.g., lactate, pyruvate, ATP) regulate microglial function through both metabolic and non-metabolic mechanisms. Furthermore, therapeutic strategies that target this glycolytic shift to alleviate neuroinflammation were discussed. A deeper understanding of microglial glycolytic reprogramming may provide critical insights for developing novel therapies for neurodegenerative diseases.
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