Multi-Q spin-valley order in twisted WSe₂

We report on a study of the interacting phase diagram of 3.65°-twisted WSe₂ at moiré hole filling ν = 1, in which we find previously-overlooked types of magnetism. Specifically, in part of the phase diagram we obtain a magnetic order parameter which modulates in space with four different non-zero wave vectors, corresponding to the three M-points and one K-point of the moiré Brillouin zone. These multi-Q orders, which can be coplanar or non-coplanar, are continuous deformations of the 120° spin-valley anti-ferromagnet (AFM), where the unit cell has expanded by a factor of four. Interestingly, we find that the multi-Q states are stabilized for experimentally relevant values of interaction strength and displacement field, and are accompanied by a softening of the spin fluctuations near the M-points of the moiré Brillouin zone.