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Related Concept Videos

Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters01:20

Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters

The introduction of polyesters has brought major development to the textile industry. The wrinkle-free behavior of polyester blends has eliminated the need for starching and ironing clothes.
Polyesters are commonly prepared from terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol; the crude product is known as poly(ethylene terephthalate) or PET. However, polyesters are synthesized industrially by transesterification of dimethyl terephthalate with ethylene glycol at 150 °C. The two reactants and the polymer...
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Polymers are classified as linear or branched on the basis of their chain architecture. The polymer chains in linear polymers have a long chain-like structure with minimal to no branching at all. Even if a polymer features large substituent groups on the monomer, which appear as branches to the skeleton, it is not considered a branched polymer. A branched polymer contains secondary polymer chains that arise from the main polymer chain. The branching occurs when the polymer growth shifts from...
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Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity

Polymerization generates chiral centers along the entire backbone of a polymer chain. Accordingly, the stereochemistry of the substituent group has a significant effect on polymer properties. Polymers formed from monosubstituted alkene monomers feature chiral carbons at every alternate position in the polymer backbone. Relative to the predominant orientation of substituents at the adjacent chiral carbons, the polymer can exist in three different configurations: isotactic, syndiotactic, and...
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Updated: Jul 2, 2026

Designed for Molecular Recycling: A Lignin-Derived Semi-aromatic Biobased Polymer
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Published on: November 30, 2020

Is Recycled Polypropylene Suitable for Flame-Retarded Applications?

Giulia Bernagozzi1,2, Rossella Arrigo1,2, Yue Xu3

  • 1Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Viale Teresa Michel 5, 15121 Alessandria, Italy.

ACS Applied Polymer Materials
|July 1, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Recycled polypropylene effectively enhances intumescent flame-retardant systems, showing improved ignition delay and char formation without compromising mechanical strength. This supports sustainable material use in flame-retardant applications.

Keywords:
cone calorimeterflame retardantintumescent systempolypropylenerecycling

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Published on: June 7, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Fire Safety Engineering

Background:

  • Recycled polypropylene (PP) presents a sustainable alternative to virgin plastics.
  • Intumescent flame-retardant (IFR) systems are crucial for enhancing polymer fire safety.
  • Investigating IFR performance in recycled polymers is key for circular economy initiatives.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of an intumescent flame-retardant system in recycled polypropylene.
  • To compare the combustion behavior and mechanical properties of IFR-treated virgin and recycled PP.
  • To assess the potential of recycled PP in flame-retardant formulations.

Main Methods:

  • Melt-compounding of virgin and recycled PP with a specific IFR system (piperazine pyrophosphate and melamine polyphosphate).
  • Characterization using cone calorimetry, UL-94 testing, limiting oxygen index (LOI), and mechanical property assessment (tensile and flexural strength).
  • Morphological analysis to understand char formation and IFR particle dispersion.

Main Results:

  • Both virgin and recycled PP systems showed reduced heat release rates with IFR addition.
  • The recycled PP-based system exhibited a longer time to ignition and delayed secondary heat release peaks, attributed to denser char formation.
  • Both materials achieved V-0 rating in UL-94 tests and comparable LOI values, with maintained tensile and flexural strength in recycled PP.

Conclusions:

  • Recycled polypropylene is a viable matrix for intumescent flame-retardant systems.
  • The use of recycled PP in IFR formulations can enhance fire safety properties, particularly ignition delay.
  • This study validates the use of recycled PP in flame-retardant applications, promoting circular economy principles.