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Related Concept Videos

Lysosomal Hydrolases01:22

Lysosomal Hydrolases

Lysosomes are the site for the degradation of macromolecules and biological polymers released during membrane trafficking events such as secretory, endocytic, autophagic, and phagocytic pathways. The membrane-enclosed area of the lysosome, called the lumen, contains hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment. These acid hydrolases are functional at a pH between 4.5 and 5 and are involved in cellular processes such as cell signaling, energy metabolism, restoration of the plasma membrane,...
Lysosomes01:31

Lysosomes

Lysosomes are membrane-enclosed spherical sacs derived from the Golgi apparatus. The most important function of the lysosome is degrading macromolecules and biological polymers that are released during membrane trafficking events such as the secretory, endocytic, autophagic, and phagocytic pathways. The degradation is carried out by several hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment of the lysosomal lumen. These acid hydrolases are involved in cellular processes such as cell signaling,...
Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome01:36

Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome

Eukaryotic cells use different mechanisms to eliminate toxic waste obsolete and worn-out substances. Lysosomes play a pivotal role in this, and hence, these substances are carried to the lysosome from other parts of the cell and extracellular space through different pathways. The most elaborately studied pathways to the lysosome are the endocytic pathways.
Endocytosis
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Cellular Injury V: Apoptosis and Autophagy01:22

Cellular Injury V: Apoptosis and Autophagy

Cells respond to damage and stress through highly coordinated processes that decide whether they survive or undergo controlled self-destruction. Two major pathways involved in this regulation are apoptosis, a type of programmed cell death, and autophagy, a survival mechanism that helps cells adapt to adverse conditions.ApoptosisApoptosis removes aged or injured cells to maintain tissue balance. During this process, the cell shrinks, chromatin condenses and fragments, and membrane-bound...
Export of Misfolded Proteins out of the ER01:32

Export of Misfolded Proteins out of the ER

After folding, the ER assesses the quality of secretory and membrane proteins. The correctly folded proteins are cleared by the calnexin cycle for transport to their final destination, while misfolded proteins are held back in the ER lumen. The ER chaperones attempt to unfold and refold the misfolded proteins but sometimes fail to achieve the correct native conformation. Such terminally misfolded proteins are then exported to the cytosol by ER-associated degradation or ERAD pathway for...
Autophagy01:27

Autophagy

Autophagy is a self-digesting process by which a cell protects itself from threats both within and outside the cell, ranging from abnormal proteins to invading bacteria. In this process, obsolete components of the cell and invading microbes are degraded by hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment of the lysosomal lumen.
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Updated: Jul 2, 2026

Imaging Cell Membrane Injury and Subcellular Processes Involved in Repair
16:44

Imaging Cell Membrane Injury and Subcellular Processes Involved in Repair

Published on: March 24, 2014

Disentangling the response to lysosomal damage.

Hemmo Meyer1, Akiko Kuma2, Shuhei Nakamura3

  • 1Molecular Biology I, Center of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141 Essen, Germany.

Journal of Cell Science
|July 1, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cellular lysosomes can be damaged, triggering repair or removal. New research reveals complex regeneration mechanisms, urging caution with existing damage reporters.

Keywords:
ATG8ESCRTLysosomesMembrane permeabilizationMicroautophagyUbiquitin

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Last Updated: Jul 2, 2026

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05:30

Live-cell Imaging of Lysosomal Membrane Permeabilization During Necroptosis

Published on: November 14, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cellular Homeostasis

Background:

  • Lysosomal membrane damage threatens cellular stability.
  • Cells employ countermeasures like membrane repair and selective macroautophagy.
  • Understanding these responses is crucial for pathological and experimental contexts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate emerging regulatory mechanisms of lysosomal regeneration.
  • To evaluate the suitability of reporters and assays for studying lysosomal damage response.

Main Methods:

  • Review of emerging evidence on lysosomal damage response pathways.
  • Analysis of molecular mechanisms including ubiquitylation and ATG8 lipidation.
  • Assessment of lysosome tubulation and microlysophagy.

Main Results:

  • Lysosomal damage response involves complex processes beyond simple repair or elimination.
  • Mechanisms include membrane resealing and lysosome regeneration.
  • Novel pathways involve unusual ubiquitylation and non-canonical ATG8 lipidation.
  • Lysosome tubulation and microlysophagy are implicated in regeneration.

Conclusions:

  • Existing lysosome damage reporters may confound interpretations.
  • Careful assessment of experimental conditions and reporter validity is necessary.
  • Emerging mechanisms highlight the complexity of maintaining lysosomal function after damage.