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Definitions and Severity/Risk Prediction Tools for Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: A Scoping Review
Aditya Hemendra Bhatt1, Somashekhar Marutirao Nimbalkar1, Lalan K Bharti2
1Department of Neonatology, Pramukhswami Medical College, Bhaikaka University, Karamsad, Gujarat, India.
Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health
|July 1, 2026
Summary
Diagnosing bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in preterm infants is evolving. Newer definitions based on respiratory support are improving classification and risk prediction, but careful selection and local validation of tools are crucial.
Area of Science:
- Neonatal Medicine
- Pediatric Pulmonology
- Medical Informatics
Background:
- Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a significant complication of extreme prematurity.
- Current diagnostic and severity classification methods for BPD face challenges due to evolving neonatal respiratory care practices.
- Limitations exist in older oxygen-centric definitions of BPD.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review and synthesize evidence published after 2016 concerning BPD definitions, severity classifications, and prediction tools for preterm infants.
- To analyze differences in the development, applicability, and clinical outcome prediction of these BPD assessment tools.
Main Methods:
- A comprehensive scoping review adhering to PRISMA-ScR guidelines.
- Searched major databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, Google Scholar) from 2017 to 2026.
- Included English full-text articles, with data synthesized descriptively.
Main Results:
- Eighteen studies met inclusion criteria, focusing on revised BPD definitions and prediction tools.
- Newer, support-mode-based BPD definitions demonstrate improved classifiability and outcome prediction compared to oxygen-centric criteria.
- Risk prediction tools, including estimators and machine learning models, showed variable but often strong performance (AUC 0.67-0.91).
Conclusions:
- Research indicates a shift from oxygen-based to support-based BPD classification and dynamic risk estimation.
- Selecting definitions and prognostic tools should be use-case specific, with cautious local validation.
- Future research should focus on harmonizing outcomes, external validation, and developing multidimensional classification systems.
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