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A battery is a galvanic cell that is used as a source of electrical power for specific applications. Modern batteries exist in a multitude of forms to accommodate various applications, from tiny button batteries such as those that power wristwatches to the very large batteries used to supply backup energy to municipal power grids. Some batteries are designed for single-use applications and cannot be recharged (primary cells), while others are based on conveniently reversible cell reactions that...
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Updated: Jul 2, 2026

Focused Ion Beam Fabrication of LiPON-based Solid-state Lithium-ion Nanobatteries for In Situ Testing
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Toward Practical Solid-State Lithium Batteries With High-Nickel Cathodes: An Interface-Centered Perspective.

Xueying Lu1, Yu Li1,2, Shuqiang Li1

  • 1Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|July 1, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Solid-state lithium batteries (SSLBs) offer safer, higher-energy storage than traditional lithium-ion batteries. This review details advancements in high-nickel cathodes and solid-state electrolytes for improved SSLB performance and durability.

Keywords:
cathode–electrolyte interfacehigh‐nickel cathode materialssolid‐state electrolytessolid‐state lithium batteries

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Growing demand for advanced energy storage systems (e.g., solid-state lithium batteries - SSLBs) driven by renewable energy transition.
  • Limitations of conventional lithium-ion batteries, primarily flammability and instability of liquid electrolytes.
  • SSLBs offer enhanced safety and potential for higher energy density using solid-state electrolytes (SSEs).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent progress in SSLBs utilizing high-nickel layered oxide cathodes.
  • To address challenges in integrating high-nickel cathodes with SSEs, focusing on structural degradation and interfacial instability.
  • To provide perspectives on material innovation and scalable manufacturing for next-generation SSLBs.

Main Methods:

  • Review of structural and surface engineering strategies for high-nickel cathodes.
  • Analysis of optimization approaches for various SSEs (oxide, sulfide, halide, polymer).
  • Examination of interface-engineering techniques, including buffer layers and in situ interfacial design.

Main Results:

  • High-nickel layered oxides (LiNi$_{x}$Co$_{y}$Mn$_{1-x-y}$O$_{2}$, x ≥ 0.8) show promise due to high capacity and cost-effectiveness.
  • Integration challenges include cathode structural degradation, oxygen release, and interfacial resistance with SSEs.
  • Surface engineering, SSE optimization, and interface design are crucial for mitigating these issues and improving cycling durability.

Conclusions:

  • SSLBs with high-nickel cathodes represent a viable path toward safer, high-energy-density storage solutions.
  • Overcoming interfacial instability and structural degradation is key to unlocking the full potential of these systems.
  • Further research in material innovation, advanced characterization, and scalable manufacturing is needed for practical deployment.