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Related Concept Videos

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation02:19

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation

The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent years,...
Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation02:19

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation

The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent years,...
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Chronopharmacokinetics: Circadian Rhythms and Influence on Drug Response

Circadian rhythms are cyclic changes that are crucial in plasma drug concentrations. Various standard circadian parameters, including core body temperature, heart rate, and other cardiovascular factors, directly impact disease states and the therapeutic response to drug therapy.
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Biological Clocks and Seasonal Responses

The circadian—or biological—clock is an intrinsic, timekeeping, molecular mechanism that allows plants to coordinate physiological activities over 24-hour cycles called circadian rhythms. Photoperiodism is a collective term for the biological responses of plants to variations in the relative lengths of dark and light periods. The period of light-exposure is called the photoperiod.
Understanding Sleep01:11

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Sleep, an essential biological state, involves significant reductions in physical activity, sensory awareness, and interaction with the environment. This complex physiological process is primarily regulated by specific brain regions, notably the hypothalamus and pons, which govern the sleep-wake cycle or circadian rhythm.
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Translational Regulation

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Monitoring Cell-autonomous Circadian Clock Rhythms of Gene Expression Using Luciferase Bioluminescence Reporters
10:38

Monitoring Cell-autonomous Circadian Clock Rhythms of Gene Expression Using Luciferase Bioluminescence Reporters

Published on: September 27, 2012

Time to rethink circadian rhythms beyond the transcriptome.

Yuta Otobe1, Hikari Yoshitane1,2

  • 1Circadiain Clock Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Kamikitazawa 2-1-6, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan.

Journal of Biochemistry
|July 1, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The circadian clock regulates physiology via gene expression, but protein rhythms are key. New proteomic methods reveal how protein levels, localization, and modifications drive daily rhythms across tissues.

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Parallel Measurement of Circadian Clock Gene Expression and Hormone Secretion in Human Primary Cell Cultures
06:53

Parallel Measurement of Circadian Clock Gene Expression and Hormone Secretion in Human Primary Cell Cultures

Published on: November 11, 2016

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Last Updated: Jul 2, 2026

Monitoring Cell-autonomous Circadian Clock Rhythms of Gene Expression Using Luciferase Bioluminescence Reporters
10:38

Monitoring Cell-autonomous Circadian Clock Rhythms of Gene Expression Using Luciferase Bioluminescence Reporters

Published on: September 27, 2012

Parallel Measurement of Circadian Clock Gene Expression and Hormone Secretion in Human Primary Cell Cultures
06:53

Parallel Measurement of Circadian Clock Gene Expression and Hormone Secretion in Human Primary Cell Cultures

Published on: November 11, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Chronobiology
  • Proteomics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • The circadian clock coordinates ~24-hour physiological rhythms primarily through gene expression.
  • Temporal messenger RNA (mRNA) profiles often do not accurately predict protein function rhythms.
  • Regulatory layers beyond transcription, including translation, protein stability, localization, and post-translational modifications (PTMs), influence protein rhythms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize evidence supporting a shift from RNA-level to protein-level frameworks for circadian rhythm analysis.
  • To highlight key aspects of circadian protein dynamics, including abundance, localization, and post-translational modifications.
  • To discuss advances in high-throughput mass spectrometry for circadian proteomic studies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on circadian rhythms and protein regulation.
  • Analysis of proteomic data, including multi-tissue comparisons.
  • Application of data-independent acquisition (DIA)-based mass spectrometry techniques.

Main Results:

  • Circadian protein abundance rhythms are informative but incomplete readouts of clock function.
  • Circadian control of nuclear localization and phosphorylation occurs frequently without changes in total protein levels.
  • Multi-tissue proteomic comparisons reveal tissue-specific organization of circadian rhythms.

Conclusions:

  • Advances in proteomics, particularly DIA-MS, accelerate the study of circadian proteome dynamics.
  • Functional chronobiology aims to link proteome dynamics to mechanisms and disease-relevant physiology.
  • A mouse circadian proteome atlas and interactive portal facilitate cross-study reuse and hypothesis generation.